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Background: Difficult laparascopic cholecystectomy has greater risk of biliary, vascular and visceral injuries. A tool to predict the difficulty help to prepare a head and avoid complications.

Aim: the aim of this study is validation of preoperative predictor score and a modified intraoperative grading score for difficulty of laparascopic cholecystectomy.

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Immunology of Biliary Atresia.

Semin Pediatr Surg

January 2025

Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address:

Biliary atresia is a progressive neonatal cholangiopathy that leads to liver failure. Characterized by inflammation-mediated liver injury, the immune system plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Though several types of immune cells and mediators have been implicated in animal models of biliary atresia, emerging literature reflects the complex interplay of components of the immune response that contributes to disease progression in humans.

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The Role of Sulfatides in Liver Health and Disease.

Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)

January 2025

Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Sulfatides or 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide are negatively charged sulfated glycosphingolipids abundant in the brain and kidneys and play crucial roles in nerve impulse conduction and urinary pH regulation. Sulfatides are present in the liver, specifically in the biliary tract. Sulfatides are self-lipid antigens presented by cholangiocytes to activate cluster of differentiation 1d (CD1d)-restricted type II natural killer T (NKT) cells.

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Updates in Biliary Atresia: Aetiology, Diagnosis and Surgery.

Children (Basel)

January 2025

Department of Paediatric Surgery, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK.

Biliary atresia (BA) is an obliterative disease of the bile ducts affecting between 1 in 10,000-20,000 infants with a predominance in Asian countries. It is clinically heterogeneous with a number of distinct variants (e.g.

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Correction for ' transplantation of intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids with decellularized liver-derived hydrogels supports hepatic cellular proliferation and differentiation in chronic liver injury' by Impreet Kaur , , 2025, , 918-928, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TB01503G.

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