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In this study, the interactions between three quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) cationic surfactants with different branched-chain lengths (TMBAC, TEBAC, and TBBAC) and DNA are investigated by UV-vis absorption, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy, viscosity method, and gel electrophoresis. Berberine hydrochloride (BR) is utilized as a fluorescent probe. The three interaction modes and strengths are compared.

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RNA Structure: Past, Future, and Gene Therapy Applications.

Int J Mol Sci

December 2024

ACCESS Health International, 384 West Lane, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA.

First believed to be a simple intermediary between the information encoded in deoxyribonucleic acid and that functionally displayed in proteins, ribonucleic acid (RNA) is now known to have many functions through its abundance and intricate, ubiquitous, diverse, and dynamic structure. About 70-90% of the human genome is transcribed into protein-coding and noncoding RNAs as main determinants along with regulatory sequences of cellular to populational biological diversity. From the nucleotide sequence or primary structure, through Watson-Crick pairing self-folding or secondary structure, to compaction via longer distance Watson-Crick and non-Watson-Crick interactions or tertiary structure, and interactions with RNA or other biopolymers or quaternary structure, or with metabolites and biomolecules or quinary structure, RNA structure plays a critical role in RNA's lifecycle from transcription to decay and many cellular processes.

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Directed synthesis of novel water-soluble asymmetric porphyrins containing in a molecule three cationic fragments and residues of adenine (PorAD) was performed, using metal-complex catalysis method. The interaction of the synthesized porphyrin with the oligonucleotides poly[d(AT)2] and poly[d(GC)2] and double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid of the calf thymus (ctDNA) was studied by means of spectral and hydrodynamic methods. It was established that PorAD intercalated not only into GC-enriched regions, but also into AT regions.

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Entropically driven binding of Camptothecin in the minor groove of salmon testes DNA.

Int J Biol Macromol

December 2024

Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumukedima, Dimapur, Nagaland 797103, India. Electronic address:

The present study focuses on binding association of Camptothecin (CMT) towards natural deoxy-ribonucleic acid (salmon testes, ST) under physiological conditions of pH 7.4. Extensive spectroscopic and computational techniques have been employed to elucidate thermodynamics of the said interaction.

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DNA-encoded libraries connect the phenotypes of synthetic molecules to a DNA barcode; however, most libraries do not tap into the potential of Darwinian evolution. Herein, we report a DNA-templated synthesis (DTS) architecture to make peptides that are stabilized into α-helical conformations via head-to-tail supramolecular cyclization. Using a pilot library targeting MDM2, we show that repeated screening can amplify a binder from the lowest abundance in the library to a ranking that correlates to binding affinity.

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