The condition of lipid peroxidation and activity of enzymes of protective glutathione-dependent anti-oxidation system of erythrocytes: glutathione peroxidase (GSH-P) and glutathione reductase (GSH-R) in cows with leukosis has been studied. The decrease of the level of MDA and GSH-R activity was accompanied by GSH-P activation depending on the stage disease. The considerable lowering of Ca2+ transport to erythrocytes was shown on hematological stage of leucosis. The qualitative composition of membrane proteins does not change according to gel electrophoresis data. But the quantity of main cytoskeleton protein, spectrin, increases in the "white shadows" of erythrocytes in the animals with leucosis.
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Chronic stress profoundly affects the structure and function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region critical for executive functions and emotional regulation. This review synthesizes current knowledge on stress-induced PFC plasticity, encompassing structural, functional, and molecular changes. We examine how chronic stress leads to dendritic atrophy, spine loss, and alterations in neuronal connectivity within the PFC, particularly affecting the medial PFC.
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January 2025
Physical to Life Sciences Research Hub, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Aungier Street, Dublin 2, D02 HW71, Ireland.
Carotenoids are known for their antioxidant and vision protection roles, with dietary supplements often promoted for eye health. An initial trial, the European Nutrition in Glaucoma Management (ENIGMA), assessed macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and other ocular parameters before and after supplementing glaucoma patients with macular pigment (MP) carotenoids. The trial confirmed significant improvements in clinical ocular health.
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January 2025
Department of Botany, CMS College Kottayam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India.
Among all photosynthetic life forms, cyanobacteria exclusively possess a water-soluble, light-sensitive carotenoprotein complex known as orange carotenoid proteins (OCPs), crucial for their photoprotective mechanisms. These protein complexes exhibit both structural and functional modularity, with distinct C-terminal (CTD) and N-terminal domains (NTD) serving as light-responsive sensor and effector regions, respectively. The majority of cyanobacterial genomes contain genes for OCP homologs and related proteins, highlighting their essential role in survival of the organism over time.
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January 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
The red blood cell (RBC) membrane is unique and crucial for maintaining structural-functional relationships. Maternal smoking induces significant changes in the morphological, rheological, and functional parameters of both maternal and foetal RBCs, mainly due to the continuous generation of the free radicals. The major aim of this study was to follow the consequences of a secondary stressor, like fungal infection, on the already compromised RBC populations.
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January 2025
Spectroscopy Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
The ion binding to the lipid/water interface can substantially influence the structural, functional, and dynamic properties of the cell membrane. Despite extensive research on ion-lipid interactions, the specific effects of ion binding on the polarity and hydration at the lipid/water interface remain poorly understood. This study explores the influence of three biologically relevant divalent cations─Mg, Ca, and Zn─on the depth-dependent interfacial polarity and hydration of zwitterionic DPPC lipid in its gel phase at room temperature.
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