The California Mastitis Test was used as an indicator of mastitis in this study. Five cows were chosen for each of the five test scores (from 0 = healthy to 4 = severe mastitis). Milk samples were analyzed for free AA and free D-AA. The contents of free AA, free D-AA, and the ratio of free D-AA to free AA increased significantly as the California Mastitis Test score increased. The free D-AA content of foremilk (first milk jets) from healthy cows (test score = 0) was approximately five times that in samples drawn later from the same udders. Contents of free AA and free D-AA were highly associated with test score and udder inflammation. Very low concentrations of free D-AA are normal for raw milk. Higher concentrations of free D-AA could be attributed to inclusion of foremilk and milk from cows having subclinical mastitis in the bulk tank milk.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76865-5 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Variations of blood D-serine and D-aspartate homeostasis track psychosis stages.
Schizophrenia (Heidelb)
December 2024
CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy.
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychotic disorder characterized by a disruption in glutamatergic NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated neurotransmission. Compelling evidence has revealed that NMDAR activation is not limited to L-glutamate, L-aspartate, and glycine since other free amino acids (AAs) in the atypical D-configuration, such as D-aspartate and D-serine, also modulate this class of glutamatergic receptors. Although dysregulation of AAs modulating NMDARs has been previously reported in SCZ, it remains unclear whether distinct variations of these biomolecules occur during illness progression from at-risk premorbid to clinically manifest stage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-Term Changes in Atrial Arrhythmia Burden After Renal Denervation Combined With Pulmonary Vein Isolation: SYMPLICITY-AF.
JACC Clin Electrophysiol
September 2024
Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany; Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany.
Background: The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in atrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension. Renal denervation (RDN) lowers blood pressure (BP), but its role in AF is poorly understood.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether RDN reduces AF recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI).
Relations between Glucose and d-Amino Acids in the Modulation of Biochemical and Functional Properties of Rodent Islets of Langerhans.
ACS Omega
December 2023
Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
The cell-to-cell signaling role of d-amino acids (d-AAs) in the mammalian endocrine system, particularly in the islets of Langerhans, has drawn growing interest for their potential involvement in modulating glucose metabolism. Previous studies found colocalization of serine racemase [produces d-serine (d-Ser)] and d-alanine (d-Ala) within insulin-secreting beta cells and d-aspartate (d-Asp) within glucagon-secreting alpha cells. Expressed in the islets, functional -methyl-d-aspartate receptors are involved in the modulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and have binding sites for several d-AAs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSystematic d-Amino Acid Substitutions to Control Peptide and Hydrogel Degradation in Cellular Microenvironments.
ACS Macro Lett
June 2023
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Enzymatically degradable peptides are commonly used as linkers within hydrogels for biological applications; however, controlling the degradation of these engineered peptides with different contexts and cell types can prove challenging. In this work, we systematically examined the substitution of d-amino acids (D-AAs) for different l-amino acids in a peptide sequence commonly utilized in enzymatically degradable hydrogels (VPMS↓MRGG) to create peptide linkers with a range of different degradation times, in solution and in hydrogels, and investigated the cytocompatibility of these materials. We found that increasing the number of D-AA substitutions increased the resistance to enzymatic degradation both for free peptide and peptide-linked hydrogels; yet, this trend also was accompanied by increased cytotoxicity in cell culture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOccurrence and fate of endotoxin activity at drinking water purification plants and healthcare facilities in Japan.
Water Res
November 2018
Water Management Section, Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan.
Occurrence of residual endotoxin activity (ET) in dialysis water and also tap water as its source is a matter of great concern to medical professionals conducting dialysis therapy at healthcare facilities (HCFs). The present study was performed to determine the occurrence and fate of the ET at selected Japanese drinking water purification plants and HCFs between 2014 and 2016. Chemical coagulation and sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and membrane filtration were highly effective to decrease both ET dissolved in water (free-ET) and ET bound to cells/particles (bound-ET).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!