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Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Inhibits Transient Expression of Autophagy and Synaptic Proteins in Developing Brain.
Obstet Gynecol Res
January 2025
Center for Neural Development and Repair, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Introduction: Neuronal apoptosis and consequent inhibition of autophagy, with loss of synaptic connections are central events in the genesis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). However, studies of molecular mechanisms of autophagy in human fetal brain are limited. Recently, prenatal exposure to EtOH was associated with reduced miRNA-9 levels in fetal brain-derived exosomes (FB- Es) isolated from maternal plasma, which correlated with small eyes, an anatomical hallmark of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlacenta-derived factors contribute to human iPSC-liver organoid growth.
Nat Commun
March 2025
Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) are potentially applicable for regenerative medicine. However, the applications have been hampered by limited organoid size and function as a consequence of a lack of progenitor expansion. Here, we report the recapitulation of progenitor expansion in hiPSC-liver organoids based on the analysis of mouse development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGranular cytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes and microglial activation in the fetal brain of pigtail macaques in response to maternal viral infection.
Acta Neuropathol Commun
March 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
The fetal origins of neuropsychiatric disorders are poorly understood but have been linked to viral or inflammatory injury of the developing brain. The fetal white matter is particularly susceptible to injury as myelination, axonal growth, and deep white matter tracts become established. We have used the pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) to study the maternal and fetal effects of influenza A virus (FLUAV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy, in cohorts with different time intervals between inoculation and delivery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransient Neonatal Hypothyroidism Followed by Hyperthyroidism Due to Maternal Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies.
JCEM Case Rep
March 2025
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Maternal thyroid dysfunction can negatively influence fetal and/or neonatal thyroid hormone homeostasis. Autoantibodies associated with autoimmune thyroid disease can cross the placenta. TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs) can either stimulate or block the TSH receptor, and both types of antibodies can be present in the same person.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFetal-like reversion in the regenerating intestine is regulated by mesenchymal asporin.
Cell Stem Cell
March 2025
Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:
Mesenchymal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) support epithelium during homeostasis and regeneration. However, the role of the mesenchyme in epithelial conversion into a fetal-like regenerative state after damage is not known. We modeled epithelial regeneration by culturing intestinal epithelium on decellularized small intestinal scaffolds (iECM) and identify asporin (Aspn), an ECM-bound proteoglycan, as a critical mediator of epithelial fetal-like reprogramming.
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