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Introduction: Neuronal apoptosis and consequent inhibition of autophagy, with loss of synaptic connections are central events in the genesis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). However, studies of molecular mechanisms of autophagy in human fetal brain are limited. Recently, prenatal exposure to EtOH was associated with reduced miRNA-9 levels in fetal brain-derived exosomes (FB- Es) isolated from maternal plasma, which correlated with small eyes, an anatomical hallmark of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).

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Placenta-derived factors contribute to human iPSC-liver organoid growth.

Nat Commun

March 2025

Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) are potentially applicable for regenerative medicine. However, the applications have been hampered by limited organoid size and function as a consequence of a lack of progenitor expansion. Here, we report the recapitulation of progenitor expansion in hiPSC-liver organoids based on the analysis of mouse development.

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The fetal origins of neuropsychiatric disorders are poorly understood but have been linked to viral or inflammatory injury of the developing brain. The fetal white matter is particularly susceptible to injury as myelination, axonal growth, and deep white matter tracts become established. We have used the pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) to study the maternal and fetal effects of influenza A virus (FLUAV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy, in cohorts with different time intervals between inoculation and delivery.

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Transient Neonatal Hypothyroidism Followed by Hyperthyroidism Due to Maternal Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies.

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Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Maternal thyroid dysfunction can negatively influence fetal and/or neonatal thyroid hormone homeostasis. Autoantibodies associated with autoimmune thyroid disease can cross the placenta. TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs) can either stimulate or block the TSH receptor, and both types of antibodies can be present in the same person.

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Fetal-like reversion in the regenerating intestine is regulated by mesenchymal asporin.

Cell Stem Cell

March 2025

Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:

Mesenchymal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) support epithelium during homeostasis and regeneration. However, the role of the mesenchyme in epithelial conversion into a fetal-like regenerative state after damage is not known. We modeled epithelial regeneration by culturing intestinal epithelium on decellularized small intestinal scaffolds (iECM) and identify asporin (Aspn), an ECM-bound proteoglycan, as a critical mediator of epithelial fetal-like reprogramming.

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