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Multipotent Effect of Clozapine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acetylcholinesterase, Cyclooxygenase-2,5-Lipoxygenase, and Caspase-3: In Vivo and Molecular Modeling Studies.
Molecules
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
Dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX) is a recognized strategy for enhanced anti-inflammatory effects in small molecules, offering potential therapeutic benefits for individuals at risk of dementia, particularly those with neurodegenerative diseases, common cancers, and diabetes type. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key approach in treating AD. Meanwhile, Caspase-3 catalyzes early events in apoptosis, contributing to neurodegeneration and subsequently AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug-Induced Myoclonus: A Systematic Review.
Medicina (Kaunas)
January 2025
Neurology Department, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
: Myoclonus is already associated with a wide variety of drugs and systemic conditions. As new components are discovered, more drugs are suspected of causing this disabling abnormal involuntary movement. This systematic review aims to assess the medications associated with drug-induced myoclonus (DIM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effects of clinical and pharmacological factors on the ratio of clozapine to norclozapine in psychiatric patients.
Front Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Background: Due to its exceptional effectiveness, clozapine (CLO), whose metabolite is norclozapine (NCLO), is a drug of choice in the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors modifying the CLO/NCLO ratio (CNR).
Methods: A total of 446 blood samples (233 of which were drawn from females and 213 from males, aged from 18 to 77 years) were analyzed in this study.
Successful Clozapine Treatment for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia With Zinc Deficiency Severe Anemia: A Case Report.
Neuropsychopharmacol Rep
March 2025
Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan.
Introduction: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug approved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Despite its high efficacy for TRS, clozapine is associated with several serious adverse effects, such as neutropenia and diabetes, so it requires vigilant monitoring. Severe anemia has also been documented as a rare but serious complication with an unclear mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCross-titration from risperidone to clozapine utilizing clozapine serum concentrations: A case report.
Pharmacotherapy
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Westbrook College of Health Professions, University of New England, Portland, Maine, USA.
Introduction: Clozapine and risperidone are second-generation antipsychotics used in the treatment of schizophrenia. There are no guidelines on cross-titration of antipsychotics and, additionally, there is a paucity of published data to support the potential utility of using serum drug levels to guide dosing in these situations.
Case Report: A 68-year-old female patient with a history of schizophrenia, taking risperidone and fluoxetine, and a recent diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was admitted to the hospital after a fall at home.
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