Aspects of molecular interaction between HIV p17 and human gamma interferon.

We describe the specific interaction between high-purity recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 p17 and human gamma interferon (hIFN-gamma) proteins. This interaction was found to be dose dependent and to involve conformational epitopes on both sides. Specificity was confirmed by competition ELISA, using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to hIFN-gamma as specific reagents. By competition experiments we also identified the epitope(s) on the hIFN-gamma molecule involved in p17 binding, very close to the receptor binding site. The kinetic constants were determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. The affinity constant (KA) of the complex was 2.78 x 10(8) M-1, that is, the ratio between a low dissociation rate constant (Koff)(1 x 10(-5)sec-1) and a high association rate constant (Kon) (3 x 10(3) M-1sec-1). However, p17 did not displace the binding of hIFN-gamma to its cellular receptor, nor did it interfere with the capability of the lymphokine to induce de novo expression of HLA-DR antigens on human monocytic cells or to inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells.