We have constructed a vector, pHIVTATA-CAT, that contains the Escherichia coli cat gene, encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, under the control of a minimal promoter consisting of the HIV TATA box and the adenovirus major late promoter initiator element. Putative transcriptional elements can be inserted either directly upstream from the TATA box or downstream from the reporter gene in an enhancer position. Transcription can be monitored enzymatically or by RNase protection mapping. An analysis of mRNAs generated from pHIVTATA-CAT constructs revealed that transcription starts at the transcription start point and no read-through transcripts are generated.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(95)00739-3 | DOI Listing |
Front Plant Sci
December 2024
National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are noncoding RNAs involved in protein biosynthesis and have noncanonical roles in cellular metabolism, such as RNA silencing and the generation of transposable elements. Extensive tRNA gene duplications, modifications to mature tRNAs, and complex secondary and tertiary structures impede tRNA sequencing. As such, a comparative genomic analysis of complete tRNA sets is an alternative to understanding the evolutionary processes that gave rise to the extant tRNA sets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
December 2024
Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
Dysregulated IL-10 producing regulatory B cells (Bregs) are associated with the progression of systemic lupus erythematosus. An immunomodulatory role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) is implicated in autoimmune diseases. However, the molecular basis underlying the role of Hspa13 in regulating Bregs function and lupus pathogenesis remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
December 2024
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560089, India.
We consider an analytically tractable model that exhibits the main features of the Page curve characterizing the evolution of entanglement entropy during evaporation of a black hole. Our model is a gas of noninteracting fermions on a lattice that is released from a box into the vacuum. More precisely, our Hamiltonian is a tight-binding model with a defect at the junction between the filled box and the vacuum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
December 2024
College of computer science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
CpG islands (CGIs) are rare, interspersed DNA sequences, which possess a significant deviation from background genomic distribution by exhibiting patterns of GC-rich and CpG-rich sequence, the density of which provides a good classification feature for long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) promoters. By reviewing previous CpG-related studies, we consider that the transcription regulation of about half of the human genes, mostly housekeeping (HK) genes, involves CGIs, their methylation states, CpG spacing, and other chromosomal parameters. However, the precise CGI definition and positioning of CGIs within gene structures, as well as specific CGI-associated regulatory mechanisms, all remain to be elucidated at individual gene and gene family levels, together with consideration of species and lineage specificity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioData Min
December 2024
Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Botanicka 68a, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic.
Background: Long terminal repeats (LTRs) represent important parts of LTR retrotransposons and retroviruses found in high copy numbers in a majority of eukaryotic genomes. LTRs contain regulatory sequences essential for the life cycle of the retrotransposon. Previous experimental and sequence studies have provided only limited information about LTR structure and composition, mostly from model systems.
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