We mapped a human P2U purinergic receptor gene to chromosome 11q13.5-14.1. Oligonucleotide primers complementary to a part of the human P2U purinergic receptor cDNA were used to amplify a region from genomic DNAs from a panel of mouse/human somatic cell hybrid cell lines, each containing a single human chromosome. A PCR product of the expected size (378 bp) resulted from a single hybrid cell line containing human chromosome 11. The gene was further localized to a region of chromosome 11 using a sub-chromosomal hybrid panel containing different segments of chromosome 11. Based on the specific PCR product obtained and its Southern hybridization to the P2U receptor cDNA, the human P2U receptor gene was localized to chromosome 11q13.5-14.1.
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Biochem Pharmacol
May 2021
Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, John Arbuthnott Building, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland. Electronic address:
Extracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides produce their pharmacological effects through P2 receptors. These were first named by Geoff Burnstock in an extensive review in 1978. They were then subdivided into P and P purinoceptors by Burnstock and Kennedy in 1985, based on applying pharmacological criteria to data generated by functional studies in smooth muscle tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough almost all GFAP(+) cells in primary astrocyte cultures show functional beta-adrenergic (beta-AR) and metabotropic purinergic (P2Y) receptors, the fewer studies on astrocytes in situ have shown that a much smaller proportion express these same receptor-mediated activities. Here we show, by multiplex single cell RT-PCR, that 44% of freshly isolated, GFAP(+) astrocytes (FIAs) from the CA1 of P8-12 rat hippocampus always co-express beta-adrenergic receptor mRNA subtypes with metabotropic ATP receptor mRNA subtypes (P2Y1, P2Y2 or P2Y4). We also found that beta2 mRNA was the dominant beta-AR subtype expressed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
July 2003
Programme in Brain and Behaviour, Hospital For Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.
Intercellular spread of Ca2+ waves is the primary manifestation of cell-to-cell communication among astrocytes. Ca2+ waves propagate via the release of a diffusible extracellular messenger that has been identified as ATP. In dorsal spinal astrocytes, Ca2+ waves are mediated by activation of two functionally distinct subtypes of metabotropic purinoceptor: the P2Y1 receptor and a receptor previously classified as P2U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurophysiol
April 2003
Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
ATP release from astrocytes contributes to calcium ([Ca(2+)]) wave propagation and may modulate neuronal excitability. In epithelial cells and hepatocytes, cell swelling causes ATP release, which leads to the activation of a volume-sensitive Cl(-) current (I(Cl,swell)) through an autocrine pathway involving purinergic receptors. Astrocyte swelling is counterbalanced by a regulatory volume decrease, involving efflux of metabolites and activation of I(Cl,swell) and K(+) currents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlia
April 2003
Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Propagation of intercellular calcium waves (ICW) between astrocytes depends on the diffusion of signaling molecules through gap junction channels and diffusion through the extracellular space of neuroactive substances acting on plasmalemmal receptors. The relative contributions of these two pathways vary in different brain regions and under certain pathological conditions. We have previously shown that in wild-type spinal cord astrocytes, ICW are primarily gap junction-dependent, but that deletion of the main gap junction protein (Cx43) by homologous recombination results in a switch in mode of ICW propagation to a purinoceptor-dependent mechanism.
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