Effects of conditioning peripheral nerve stimulation with different types of stimulating electrodes on pain thresholds in various deep tissues were measured in human subjects. Cone-shaped metal (phi 13 mm), rubber (phi 13 mm), and large soft surface electrodes (50 x 150 mm) were used for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and insulated and non-insulated acupuncture needles (diameter: 240 microns) were used for electroacupuncture (EA). Two pairs of electrodes were placed around the point of deep pain measurement. Symmetrical positive and negative square pulses (0.1 msec at 100 Hz) of just below the pain tolerance intensity were used for both TENS and EA. Deep pain thresholds were measured at the center of the thigh with a pulse algometer and insulated needle electrodes. Pain thresholds of deep tissues were in the order periosteum < fascia < skin (including subcutaneous tissues) < muscle. TENS with surface electrodes significantly increased pain thresholds of skin and fascia but not those of muscle or periosteum. The shape, material and size of the surface electrodes hardly affected the degree of analgesic effect, except in the fascia by large soft electrodes. In contrast, EA with non-insulated needles induced a greater increase in pain threshold in skin, fascia and muscle, although statistically significant results were obtained in only the first two tissues. EA with insulated needle electrodes was the only technique with which we obtained a significant increase in pain threshold in muscle and periosteum. These results suggest that the choice of electrode and stimulus parameters is important for the production of sufficient analgesic effects in different somatic tissues and that insulated needle electrodes are useful for pain relief in deeper tissues such as muscle and periosteum.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(95)00030-V | DOI Listing |
BMC Anesthesiol
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, 1611 NW 12, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
Background: Prolonged tracheal extubation time is defined as an interval ≥ 15 min from the end of surgery to extubation. An earlier study showed that prolonged extubations had a mean 12.4 min longer time from the end of surgery to operating room (OR) exit.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hand Ther
January 2025
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
Background: Usually, patients with hand, wrist/forearm disorders report musculoskeletal complaints in the shoulder. Although, role of scapula is fundamental for movement and functional stability across the upper limb kinetic chain; however, there are no systematic reviews and meta-analyses that have analyzed the effect of scapular exercises in these patients.
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a scapular exercise program on functional outcomes in patients with hand, wrist or elbow disorders.
Biomed J
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China; Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China. Electronic address:
Sleep is crucial for sustaining normal physiological functions, and sleep deprivation has been associated with increased pain sensitivity. The histone deacetylases (HDACs) are known to significantly regulate in regulating neuropathic pain, but their involvement in nociceptive hypersensitivity during sleep deprivation is still not fully understood. Utilizing a modified multi-platform water environment technique to establish a sleep deprivation model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: We have previously shown that there are 3 unique behavioral symptom clusters, or groupings of temporally related co-occurring behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) representing how an individual's daily BPSD group together relative to their own typical BPSD manifestation across a 21-day period. To further validate these symptom cluster concepts, we examined whether they are predicted by different environmental triggers.
Method: Family caregivers completed daily diary surveys for 8 consecutive days reporting on the physical, social and care environment in addition to their care recipients different BPSD.
PM R
January 2025
Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common knee condition in young and active individuals that is managed with highly variable treatment strategies.
Objective: To determine whether the length, number of visits, and content of physical therapy care for patients with PFP differ between a Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) adherent program and usual care. Additionally, the percentage of patients reporting clinically important improvements in patient-reported outcomes in each group was evaluated as an exploratory aim.
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