Differences in results of simultaneous air monitoring of ozone with three different methods in the field are described. The argument is advanced that the differences are due largely to sampling turbulent atmospheres with instruments utilizing different sampling intervals and time constants. It is concluded that when sampling natural turbulent atmospheres, a stable mean value can only be achieved through integrated sampling periods of greater than ten minutes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0002889778507925 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, École Normale Supérieure- Paris Sciences et Lettres Université, École Polytechnique- Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 91128, France.
The tropical stratosphere is the gateway to the global stratosphere and a commonly proposed location for solar geoengineering. The dynamics of this remote and difficult to observe region are poorly understood, particularly at turbulent length scales. Existing observational estimates of turbulence frequency and strength vary widely.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
December 2024
Instituto de Telecomunicações, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
As the demand for high-speed, low-latency communication continues to grow, free-space optical (FSO) communication has gained prominence as a promising solution for supporting the next generation of wireless networks, especially in the context of the 5G and beyond era. It offers high-speed, low-latency data transmission over long distances without the need for a physical infrastructure. However, the deployment of FSO systems faces significant challenges, such as atmospheric turbulence, weather-induced signal degradation, and alignment issues, all of which can impair performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA.
The warm Western Boundary Currents (WBCs) and their zonal extensions are persistent, deep, strong and narrow oceanic currents. They are known to anchor and energize the Extra-Tropical storm tracks by frontal thermal air-sea interactions. However, even in the latest generation of climate models, WBCs are characterized by large biases, and both the present storm-track activity and its recent intensification are poorly estimated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Aerosol Sci
November 2024
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, 45226, United States.
Trace measurement of aerosol chemical composition in workplace atmospheres requires the development of high-throughput aerosol collectors that are compact, hand-portable, and can be operated using personal pumps. We describe the design and characterization of a compact, high flow, Turbulent-mixing Condensation Aerosol-in-Liquid Concentrator (TCALC) that allows direct collection of aerosols as liquid suspensions, for off-line chemical, biological, or microscopy analysis. The TCALC unit, measuring approximately 12 × 16 × 18 cm, operates at an aerosol sample flowrate of up to 10 L min, using rapid mixing of a hot flow saturated with water vapor and a cold aerosol sample flow, thereby promoting condensational growth of aerosol particles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
December 2024
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK.
Recent Antarctic sea-ice decline is a substantial source of concern, notably the record low in 2023 (ref. ). Progress has been made towards establishing the causes of ice loss but uncertainty remains about its consequences for ocean-atmosphere interaction.
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