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Etomoxir suppresses the expression of PPARgamma2 and inhibits the thermogenic gene induction of brown adipocytes through pathways other than β-oxidation inhibition.
J Biochem
December 2024
Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
Brown adipocytes are characterized by a high abundance of mitochondria, allowing them to consume fatty acids for heat production. Increasing the number of brown adipocytes is considered a promising strategy for combating obesity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their differentiation remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConstitutively active receptor ADGRA3 signaling induces adipose thermogenesis.
Elife
December 2024
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for inflammatory diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
The induction of adipose thermogenesis plays a critical role in maintaining body temperature and improving metabolic homeostasis to combat obesity. β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) is widely recognized as a canonical β-adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a crucial role in mediating adipose thermogenesis in mice. Nonetheless, the limited expression of β3-AR in human adipocytes restricts its clinical application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExposure to PCB52 (2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl) blunts induction of the gene for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in white adipose.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States. Electronic address:
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are linked to cancer, learning disabilities, liver and cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Older schools often contain high levels of PCBs, and inhalation is a major source of exposure. Technical PCB mixtures, called Aroclors, and individual dioxin-like PCBs impair adipocyte function, which can lead to type II diabetes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChREBP-mediated up-regulation of Them1 coordinates thermogenesis with glycolysis and lipogenesis in response to chronic stress.
Sci Signal
December 2024
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Activation of thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inducible beige adipose tissue (BeAT) is triggered by environmental or metabolic stimuli, including cold ambient temperatures and nutrient stress. Thioesterase superfamily member 1 (Them1), a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA thioesterase that is enriched in BAT, suppresses acute cold-induced thermogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that expression was induced in BAT and BeAT by the carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) in response to chronic cold exposure or to the activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) by nutrient excess.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUpregulation of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 and 3 is important for efficient thermogenic response in human adipocytes.
Sci Rep
November 2024
Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
Brown and beige adipocytes can be activated by β-adrenergic agonist via cAMP-dependent signaling. Performing RNA-sequencing analysis in human cervical area-derived adipocytes, we found that dibutyryl-cAMP, which can mimic in vivo stimulation of browning and thermogenesis, enhanced the expression of browning and batokine genes and upregulated several signaling pathway genes linked to thermogenesis. We observed that the expression of inhibitor of DNA binding and cell differentiation (ID) 1 and particularly ID3 was strongly induced by the adrenergic stimulation.
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