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Mitochondria Express Functional Signaling Ligand-Binding Receptors that Regulate their Biological Responses - the Novel Role of Mitochondria as Stress-Response Sentinels.
Stem Cell Rev Rep
January 2025
Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
Evidence accumulated mitochondria, as the "powerplants of the cell," express several functional receptors for external ligands that modify their function and regulate cell biology. This review sheds new light on the role of these organelles in sensing external stimuli to facilitate energy production for cellular needs. This is possible because mitochondria express some receptors on their membranes that are responsible for their autonomous responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBeyond checkpoint inhibitors: the three generations of immunotherapy.
Clin Exp Med
January 2025
LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, LSU School of Medicine, 1700 Tulane Avenue, Room 510, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
Anti-tumor immunotherapy was rediscovered and rejuvenated in the last two decades with the discovery of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 and the roles in inhibiting immune function and tumor evasion of anti-tumor immune response. Following the approval of the first checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab against CTLA-4 in melanoma in 2011, there has been a rapid development of tumor immunotherapy. Furthermore, additional positive and negative molecules among the T-cell regulatory systems have been identified that that function to fine tune the stimulatory or inhibitory immune cells and modulate their functions (checkpoint modulators).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInnovative approaches to large lower calyceal stones (10-20 mm): evaluating modified T-tilt position and lower calyx hydrodilatation techniques in flexible ureteroscopy versus hydrodilatation alone: prospective randomized controlled study.
Int Urol Nephrol
January 2025
Al Mouwasat Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Managing lower calyceal stones poses significant challenges. Flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy (FURSL) are standard techniques for treating large stones (10-20 mm).
Objective: This study evaluates the role of the T-tilt position (45-degree Trendelenburg with a 45-degree lateral tilt against the side of the stone) and hydrodilatation of the lower calyx with 50 cc saline injection as needed in optimizing stone-free rates and safety during FURSL for lower calyceal stones.
MRI features of hepatocellular adenomas in children: clinical and radiological review.
Pediatr Radiol
January 2025
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto M5G 1X8, Toronto, Canada.
Background: Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are rare, benign hepatic tumors in children, with limited imaging data available for pediatric cases.
Objective: To describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical features of histologically proven HCAs in children.
Materials And Methods: Single-center retrospective review of pathology-proven HCA from January 2004 to February 2024.
Question and answers on long-acting therapy with cabotegravir and rilpivirine in people with HIV.
J Antimicrob Chemother
January 2025
Infectious Diseases' Specialist Freelance, Fabro, Italy.
Modern ART is evolving, allowing the use of new drug formulations and alternative routes of administration to oral therapy. Long-acting (LA) cabotegravir and rilpivirine, the first fully injectable antiretroviral regimen approved for clinical use, is a test case for this new route of administration, and an innovation with implications for the quality of life of people with HIV (PWH). However, its use requires a reorganization of outpatient clinics and outpatient services, and a number of issues remain to be defined regarding the management of PWH on LA drugs, including the correct selection of people who can be treated with LA cabotegravir and rilpivirine.
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