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Bringing Homogeneous Iron Catalysts on the Heterogeneous Side: Solutions for Immobilization.
Molecules
May 2021
Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università degli Studi di Bologna, viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
Noble metal catalysts currently dominate the landscape of chemical synthesis, but cheaper and less toxic derivatives are recently emerging as more sustainable solutions. Iron is among the possible alternative metals due to its biocompatibility and exceptional versatility. Nowadays, iron catalysts work essentially in homogeneous conditions, while heterogeneous catalysts would be better performing and more desirable systems for a broad industrial application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSilica-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro and in rat lungs.
Part Fibre Toxicol
November 2014
IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Rationale: Mineral particles in the lung cause inflammation and silicosis. In myeloid and bronchial epithelial cells the inflammasome plays a role in responses to crystalline silica. Thioredoxin (TRX) and its inhibitory protein TRX-interacting protein link oxidative stress with inflammasome activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferences in metabolite-mediated toxicity of tamoxifen in rodents versus humans elucidated with DNA/microsome electro-optical arrays and nanoreactors.
Chem Res Toxicol
February 2009
Department of Chemistry, 55 N. Eagleville Road, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
Tamoxifen, a therapeutic and chemopreventive breast cancer drug, was chosen as a model compound because of acknowledged species specific toxicity differences. Emerging approaches utilizing electro-optical arrays and nanoreactors based on DNA/microsome films were used to compare metabolite-mediated toxicity differences of tamoxifen in rodents versus humans. Hits triggered by liver enzyme metabolism were first provided by arrays utilizing a DNA damage end point.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman cyt P450 mediated metabolic toxicity of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) evaluated using electrochemiluminescent arrays.
Mol Biosyst
February 2009
Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
Electrochemiluminescent (ECL) arrays containing polymer ([Ru(bpy)(2)(PVP)(10)](2+), PVP = polyvinylpyridine), DNA, and selected enzymes were employed to elucidate cytochrome (cyt) P450 dependent metabolism of the tobacco specific carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Bioactivated NNK metabolites formed upon H(2)O(2)-enzymatic activation were captured as DNA adducts and detected simultaneously from 36 spot arrays by capturing and quantifying emitted ECL with an overhead CCD camera. Increased ECL emission was dependent on NNK exposure time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynergistic metabolic toxicity screening using microsome/DNA electrochemiluminescent arrays and nanoreactors.
Anal Chem
July 2008
Department of Chemistry, 55 North Eagleville Road, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
Platforms based on thin enzyme/DNA films were used in two-tier screening of chemicals for reactive metabolites capable of producing toxicity. Microsomes were used for the first time as sources of cytochrome (cyt) P450 enzymes in these devices. Initial rapid screening involved electrochemiluminescent (ECL) arrays featuring spots containing ruthenium poly(vinylpyridine), DNA, and rat liver microsomes or bicistronically expressed human cyt P450 2E1 (h2E1).
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