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Analysis and Validation of a Diagnostic Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of Acute Respiratory Failure for Non-HIV Related Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia Patients.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy
December 2024
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Objective: Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP), primarily affecting individuals with weakened immune systems, is a severe respiratory infection caused by pneumocystis jirovecii and can lead to acute respiratory failure (ARF). In this article, we explore the risk factors of ARF and propose a prognostic model of ARF for PCP patients.
Methods: In this multi-center, retrospective study in 6 secondary or tertiary academic hospitals in China, 120 PCP patients were screened from the Dryad database for the development of a predictive model.
Prevalence of Opportunistic Infections in Treatment-Naive HIV Patients in a Secondary Care Center.
Cureus
November 2024
General Medicine, Hospital General Atlántida, La Ceiba, HND.
Article Synopsis
- HIV-related immunosuppression raises the risk of opportunistic infections (OIs) among patients, and a study in Honduras assessed the prevalence of these OIs in individuals who haven't received antiretroviral therapy (ART).
- The study found that out of 110 treatment-naive HIV patients, 28.2% had OIs, with the most common being cryptococcosis, candidiasis, and tuberculosis.
- The findings highlight a concerning rise in fungal OIs and indicate the need for better resource allocation for diagnosis and treatment in the Honduran healthcare system.
Mitochondrial chaperon TNF-receptor- associated protein 1 as a novel apoptotic regulator conferring susceptibility to .
Front Immunol
September 2024
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Article Synopsis
- Molecular chaperons, particularly mitochondrial ones like TRAP1, are important for protein folding, tissue health, and may play a role during infections by regulating processes like oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis.
- A case study of a healthy Asian female who developed severe respiratory failure linked to CD4 lymphocytopenia revealed two rare mutations in TRAP1, indicating a connection to her vulnerability to opportunistic infections.
- The study showed that these TRAP1 mutations led to decreased TRAP1 expression, increased activation of certain caspases, and impaired cellular functions like respiration and glycolysis, highlighting the crucial role of TRAP1 in immune response and disease susceptibility.
Prevalence and Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency in a Cohort of Greek HIV-Infected Individuals: A Prospective, Single Center, Observational Study.
Curr HIV Res
October 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
Background: Vitamin D deficiency and/or insufficiency (hypovitaminosis D) has been associated with several disorders including autoimmune diseases, like type 1 diabetes mellitus; cardiovascular diseases; neoplasms; obesity; insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This problem is common in southern European countries, especially in elderly and institutionalized persons. In HIV-infected individuals, hypovitaminosis D has been correlated with various complications like tuberculosis, hyperparathyroidism, bone mass loss, premature atherosclerosis, and systemic arterial hypertension, deterioration of immune function, progression of the disease and overall mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA case of hypercalcemia from Pneumocystis jirovecii in an immunosuppressed non-HIV patient.
BMC Pulm Med
April 2024
Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, T2N 4N1, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Background: The prevalence of non-HIV related Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is increasing with use of immunosuppressive therapies. There are case reports of solid organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy presenting with mild hypercalcemia, leading to a diagnosis of PJP. Recent studies have shown efficacy of PJP prophylaxis for patients treated with rituximab with a favourable adverse effect profile.
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