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Double trouble: two retrotransposons triggered a cascade of invasions in Drosophila species within the last 50 years.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA.
Horizontal transfer of genetic material in eukaryotes has rarely been documented over short evolutionary timescales. Here, we show that two retrotransposons, Shellder and Spoink, invaded the genomes of multiple species of the melanogaster subgroup within the last 50 years. Through horizontal transfer, Spoink spread in D.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreserving a large number of essential yet highly unstable ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats is critical for the germline to perpetuate the genome through generations. Spontaneous rDNA loss must be countered by rDNA copy number (CN) expansion. Germline rDNA CN expansion is best understood in Drosophila melanogaster, which relies on unequal sister chromatid exchange (USCE) initiated by DNA breaks at rDNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTranscriptional coupling of telomeric retrotransposons with the cell cycle.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Many dipterans utilize telomere-specific retrotransposons (TRs) instead of telomerase for maintaining chromosome ends, but their transcription regulation is not well understood.
- This study identifies key regulators like the Mediator complex, E2F1-Dp, and Scalloped/dTEAD that influence TR transcription, where reduced Mediator or Sd/dTEAD activity leads to increased TR expression and longer telomeres.
- CUT&RUN analysis reveals that these regulatory factors directly bind to telomeric repeats, linking the regulation of TR transcription to the cell-cycle machinery, thereby playing a crucial role in the upkeep of chromosome ends.
Somatic piRNA and PIWI-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation in stem cells and disease.
Front Cell Dev Biol
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that bind to the PIWI subclass of the Argonaute protein family and are essential for maintaining germline integrity. Initially discovered in , PIWI proteins safeguard piRNAs, forming ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, crucial for regulating gene expression and genome stability, by suppressing transposable elements (TEs). Recent insights revealed that piRNAs and PIWI proteins, known for their roles in germline maintenance, significantly influence mRNA stability, translation and retrotransposon silencing in both stem cells and bodily tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Study of the Gut Transcriptomic Response in Drosophila melanogaster with Knockdown of Gagr, Domesticated gag Gene of Errantiviruses].
Mol Biol (Mosk)
December 2024
Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234 Russia.
As a result of molecular domestication of the gag gene of errantiviruses, the Gagr gene was formed in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. It has previously been shown that the Gagr gene is transcribed at the highest level in gut tissues relative to other tissues, and its transcription is most effectively induced in females in response to ammonium persulfate added to the nutrient medium. In the present work, the gut transcriptome of females with knockdown of the Gagr gene was studied in all tissues under standard conditions and under stress conditions caused by ammonium persulfate.
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