Cognitive ability did not appear de novo in man. Despite our ability to recognize limited cognitive behavioral characteristics in animals, there has been no outcry to proclaim this phenomenon. Man's image of himself solely possessing cognition has taken advantage of the illusory potential in intersubjectivity and placed him outside of reality. This deception, however, has positive survival value since it is man's self-proclaimed responsibility to excel beyond other simple animal species. However, at this point in evolution, we must allow our cognitive ability to reform itself and, in so doing, evolve with the benefit of the knowledge that this ability is itself creating. By recognizing that animals may have limited cognitive ability, we only enhance our self-esteem, not diminish it.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(95)90067-5 | DOI Listing |
Mem Cognit
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
The accuracy of metacognitive judgments is rarely incentivized in experiments; hence, it depends on the participants' willingness to invest cognitive resources and respond truthfully. According to arguments promoted in economic research that performance cannot reach its full potential without proper motivation, metacognitive abilities might therefore have been underestimated. In two experiments (N = 128 and N = 129), we explored the impact of incentives on the accuracy of judgments of learning (JOLs), memory performance, and cue use in free recall of word lists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Psychiatry
January 2025
Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Department of Neuroscience, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University. Electronic address:
Background: Certain cognitive processes require inhibition provided by the somatostatin (SST) class of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). This inhibition onto pyramidal neuron dendrites depends on both SST and GABA signaling. Although SST mRNA levels are lower in the DLPFC in schizophrenia, it is not known if SST neurons exhibit alterations in the capacity to synthesize GABA, principally via the 67-kilodalton isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhytomedicine
January 2025
Department of Gynecology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. Electronic address:
People with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) carry a considerable risk of developing dementia. Studies have shown that female sex hormones have long-lasting neuroprotective and anti-aging properties, and the increased risk of MCI and AD is associated with the lack of estrogen during menopause. Previous studies have shown that Tiao Geng Decoction (TGD) may have antioxidant and anti apoptotic properties, which may prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Neurol Neurosurg
January 2025
Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Japan.
Background: Early detection of cognitive impairment in patients with acute stroke could improve dementia treatment; however, such testing is uncommon. This study aimed to assess cognitive testing feasibility in patients with acute stroke and identify patient characteristics associated with testing ability.
Methods: 291 patients with suspected acute stroke were admitted to our hospital between December 2016 and May 2017.
Appl Neuropsychol Child
January 2025
School of Interdisciplinary Studies and Research, DY Patil International University (DYPIU), Akurdi, Pune, India.
Attention deficit/hyperactive disorder is increasing in prevalence among children all over the world which affects the children's communication, learning, and behavior, which in turn affects the quality of life. The depolarization of neurons is modulated by neural stimulation which triggers activity-based mechanisms of neuroplasticity. An external periodic stimulus that can modify the oscillations of the brain through synchronization is called entrainment.
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