Two different tactics are currently being utilized to control rabies in foxes, skunks and raccoons in Ontario, Canada. The first tactic, which involves live-capturing with cage-traps and vaccinating by intramuscular injection, was successful in immunizing 54%-72% of the skunk and raccoon populations in a 60 km2 area of Toronto, Ontario. This area has been free of rabies for two-and-a-half years. The second tactic, involving the distribution of baits containing modified live-virus (ERA) rabies vaccine, was implemented to control rabies in foxes in both urban and rural areas of Ontario. In Toronto, 50% and 63% of the foxes were vaccinated during 1989 and 1990, respectively. Over the same period, 45% and 61% of the foxes in a 30,000 km2 area of south-eastern Ontario were immunized. Rabies is declining in both of these areas. A contingency plan has been devised to control an epizootic of raccoon rabies which is threatening to invade Ontario from the United States of America.
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