The effects of nucleotides, nucleotide sugars and nucleotide dialdehydes on the activity and kinetics of cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid:lactosylceramide (alpha 2-->3) sialyltransferase (SAT-1) in microsomes derived from embryonic chick brain were investigated. Although under physiological conditions this enzyme utilizes a CMP-sugar as substrate, it was found that UDP-dialdehyde was an effective inhibitor of SAT-1 activity. CMP-dialdehyde was only slightly more efficient at inhibiting SAT-1 activity. Similar findings were found for the inhibitory effects of UDP versus CMP. In addition, two UDP-sugars (UDP-Gal and UDP-GalNAc) were also slightly inhibitory. Kinetic analyses demonstrate that both UDP- and CMP-dialdehydes are competitive inhibitors of SAT-1 activity. The data suggests that the substrate specificity of microsomal SAT-1 resides more in the sugar moiety, rather than in the nucleotide portion of the substrate.
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