Purpose: Evaluation of the prognostic value of cytosolic PS2 (pS2 protein) and cathepsin D in a large series of breast cancer patients by multivariate analysis taking into account steroid receptors and conventional prognostic factors.
Patients And Methods: Prognostic factors were analyzed in 710 primary breast cancers (median follow-up, 4 years). PS2 and cathepsin D were measured by radiometric immunoassays. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) status were assessed by radioligand binding assays and multiple-point Scatchard analysis.
Results: The best cutoff point for PS2 to discriminate between positive (61% of the tumors) and negative was 2 ng/mg protein (univariate P value in 5-year relapse-free survival = .003). For cathepsin D, no sensible cutoff point could be chosen, since there was a continuous association between the level of cathepsin D and relapse rate (P = .001). In Cox multivariate analysis, relapse rate decreased with age of premenopausal/perimenopausal patients and with PS2 or steroid receptor positivity, and increased with the size of the tumor, the number of positive lymph nodes, and increasing levels of cathepsin D. In analysis for overall survival, age of both premenopausal/perimenopausal and postmenopausal patients, tumor size, the number of positive lymph nodes, ER/PgR, and PS2 were all independently associated with the rate of death. The level of cathepsin D was positively correlated with the rate of death, but this trend was not statistically significant. Separate Cox multivariate analyses for relapse-free survival in subgroups of patients as defined by nodal status showed that the contribution of PS2 and cathepsin D was the strongest in the node-negative subgroup. Node-negative patients with tumors containing PS2 values < or = 2 ng/mg protein and cathepsin D values more than 70 pmol/mg protein experienced a 4.5-fold increase in relapse rate as compared with those with PS2 levels greater than 2 ng/mg protein and cathepsin D levels < or = 30 pmol/mg protein.
Conclusion: PS2 and cathepsin D are independent prognostic factors in primary breast cancer and lymph node-negative patients.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.5.899 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Patient-Derived Fibroblasts With Presenilin-1 Mutations, That Model Aspects of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology, Constitute a Potential Object for Early Diagnosis.
Front Aging Neurosci
July 2022
Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder that can occur in middle or old age, is characterized by memory loss, a continuous decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that affect the ability of an individual to function independently. It is divided into sporadic and familial subtypes. Early-onset familial AD (FAD) is linked to mutations in genes coding for the amyloid-β protein precursor (β), presenilin 1 (), and presenilin 2 (), which lead to alterations in AβPP processing, generation of the Amyloid-β peptide and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTocopherols inhibit estrogen-induced cancer stemness and OCT4 signaling in breast cancer.
Carcinogenesis
July 2018
Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Estrogen plays an important role in breast cancer development. While the mechanism of the estrogen effects is not fully elucidated, one possible route is by increasing the stem cell-like properties in the tumors. Tocopherols are known to reduce breast cancer development and progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIodine stimulates estrogen receptor singling and its systemic level is increased in surgical patients due to topical absorption.
Oncotarget
January 2018
Departments of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone production. However, recent epidemiologic studies have shown that breast cancer patients have an elevated risk of developing thyroid cancer and vice versa. A notable finding in this study is that iodine stimulated the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) in breast cancer cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe biology of male breast cancer.
Breast
April 2018
Research Oncology, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK. Electronic address:
Important differences have begun to emerge concerning the molecular profile of female and male breast cancer which may prove to be of therapeutic value. This review examined all the available data on the genomics of MBC. Most male cancers are ER+ve but without a corresponding increase in PR positivity and only a weaker association with estrogen-controlled markers such as PS2, HSP27 and Cathepsin-D.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInhibitory Effects of γ- and δ-Tocopherols on Estrogen-Stimulated Breast Cancer and .
Cancer Prev Res (Phila)
March 2017
Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
Estrogens have been implicated as complete carcinogens for breast and other tissues through mechanisms involving increased cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Because of their potent antioxidant activity and other effects, tocopherols have been shown to exert antitumor activities in various cancers. However, limited information is available on the effect of different forms of tocopherols in estrogen-mediated breast cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!