1H-NMR spectra of the interleukin-2 synthetic fragment Ac-Leu66-Glu-Glu-Val-Leu-Asn-Leu72-OCH3 in the presence or absence of the monoclonal antibody were analysed. The data obtained are consistent with an extended unordered conformation of the free peptide. Measurements of NOESY cross-peak intensities allowed us to determine the spatial structure of the peptide bound to the antibody. The peptide has an amphiphilic surface with hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acid side chains clustered on the opposite sides of its alpha-helical-like structure. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic clusters are located on the opposite sides of the bound peptide's surface. The hydrophobic side chains contact the antibody surface, while the hydrophilic ones are oriented into the solvent (T. A. Balashova et al. (1991) Bioorgan. Khim. (USSR), v. 17, p. 1470-1486). Hydrolysis of the methyl ester slowly ocurs in the presence of the antibody. This process does not alter the conformation of the peptide bounded with the antibody, though decreases the peptide's affinity to the antibody.
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Nat Rev Rheumatol
January 2025
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
B cell depletion with rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody that selectively targets B cells by binding CD20, has been used off label in severe and resistant systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for over two decades. Several biological mechanisms limit the efficacy of rituximab, including immunological reactions towards the chimeric molecule, increased numbers of residual B cells, including plasmablasts and plasma cells, and a post-treatment surge in B cell-activating factor (BAFF) levels. Consequently, rituximab induces remission in only a proportion of patients, and safety issues limit its use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Rev Nephrol
January 2025
APHP, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, and Filière OSCAR, endo ERN and ERN BOND, Paris, France.
X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) is a rare metabolic bone disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the PHEX gene, which is predominantly expressed in osteoblasts, osteocytes and odontoblasts. XLH is characterized by increased synthesis of the bone-derived phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which results in renal phosphate wasting with consecutive hypophosphataemia, rickets, osteomalacia, disproportionate short stature, oral manifestations, pseudofractures, craniosynostosis, enthesopathies and osteoarthritis. Patients with XLH should be provided with multidisciplinary care organized by a metabolic bone expert.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Alzheimers Dis
January 2025
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Background: Spatial orientation is required for independent mobility in society. Deficits in spatial orientation can be an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and there is a need for brief assessment tools to identify impairments.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the construct and known-group validity of our newly developed Spatial Orientation Screening (SOS) questionnaire.
Cephalalgia
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Background: Women with endometriosis are more likely to have migraine. The mechanisms underlying this co-morbidity are unknown. Prolactin, a neurohormone secreted and released into circulation from the anterior pituitary, can sensitize sensory neurons from female, but not male, rodents, monkeys and human donors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Allergy Clin Immunol
January 2025
Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
Background: Studies of human IgE and its targeted epitopes on allergens have been very limited. We have an established method to immortalize IgE encoding B cells from allergic individuals.
Objective: To develop an unbiased and comprehensive panel of peanut-specific human IgE mAbs to characterize key immunodominant antigenic regions and epitopes on peanut allergens to map the molecular interactions responsible for inducing anaphylaxis.
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