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Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a gut-brain axis disorder characterized by postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating and/or epigastric pain, which are presumed to originate in the gastroduodenal tract. While the international recommendations in the Rome IV consensus require endoscopy to rule out an organic condition before establishing a diagnosis of FD, international guidelines recommend that, in the absence of risk factors, patient management be initiated at the primary care level by establishing Helicobacter pylori infection status, with eradication when positive, followed by empiric therapy with proton pump inhibitors and/or prokinetics, and that endoscopy be reserved for patients refractory to said measures. Second-line therapy includes neuromodulating agents, among which tricyclic antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics such as levosulpiride stand out.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRelationship between infection and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Prz Gastroenterol
December 2024
Department of Pathology, Detagen Pathology Laboratory, Kayseri, Turkey.
Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disease that negatively affects the quality of life, and its pathophysiology is multifactorial.
Aim: Our study aims to investigate the relationship between histological and topographic characteristics of () gastritis and the symptoms, presence, and severity of oesophagitis in patients with reflux symptoms.
Material And Methods: The symptoms, demographic data, and physical examination results of the patients admitted with gastrointestinal complaints were recorded and oesophagogastroduodenoscopies were performed.
Helicobacter pylori CagA promotes gastric cancer immune escape by upregulating SQLE.
Cell Death Dis
January 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, 100050, China.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a well-established risk factor for gastric cancer, primarily due to its virulence factor, cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA). Although PD-L1/PD-1-mediated immune evasion is critical in cancer development, the impact of CagA on PD-L1 regulation remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAltered Cytokine Production in Patients with Infection.
Middle East J Dig Dis
October 2024
Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaze Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Background: is a gram-negative pathogen. The infection caused by this pathogen may result in gastritis and can increase the risk of gastric cancer. This study investigated the relationship between infection as the main risk factor for gastritis and changes in serum inflammatory cytokine levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorrelation between Autoimmune Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Infection: A Case-Control Study.
Middle East J Dig Dis
October 2024
Geriatric Health Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Background: Among environmental factors, infectious agents, including , can act as triggers for autoimmune thyroid diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis with infection.
Methods: The participants in this case-control study were 74 individuals 17-62 years who were divided into two groups, including 38 diagnosed Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients from an outpatient clinic of endocrinology and 36 apparently healthy individuals that were selected from family members of cases group age-matched and sex-matched.
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