Daily intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin in doses of 2, 4 and 10 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days produced proximal tubular necrosis in male albino rats as assessed by ultrastructural findings from electron microscopic observations. With respect to nephrotoxicity, aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs) have been shown to concentrate in the lysosomes of kidney proximal tubular cells to inhibit the activities of phospholipases A and C, including a phospholipidosis, characterized by the formation of myeloid bodies. It has been suggested that the nephrotoxicity of AGs is related to the extent of this phospholipidosis. The concurrent therapy of lithium in doses of 5 and 10 mEq/kg/day, administered subcutaneously, 24 hours prior to gentamicin administration for the same period, proved effective in reducing the gentamicin-induced phospholipidosis in kidney as judged by reduction in lysosomal myeloid bodies to an amount of 26-45 percent. It is well known that lithium interferes with phosphatidylinositol turnover and reduces the cellular availability of myoinositol which is needed for the resynthesis of membrane polyphosphoinositides. Thus, the inhibitory effect of lithium on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity may be due to interference of lithium with phosphoinositide cycle.
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Article Synopsis
- * Thirty male Wistar rats were used in the experiment, divided into groups receiving either gentamicin, beta-carotene, both, or control treatments, with tests done on serum and tissues to evaluate hepatorenal function.
- * Results showed that beta-carotene significantly reduced markers of liver and kidney damage (like SGOT, SGPT, creatinine, and urea levels) compared to gentamicin alone, suggesting it may be beneficial as an additional treatment for patients receiving gentamicin.
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