The complete amino acid sequence of prolactin (PRL) from a chondrostean species, the sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti), has been determined. Sturgeon PRL was isolated from the pituitary glands by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-25 column and high-performance liquid chromatography on a reverse-phase column following acid-acetone extraction. Sturgeon PRL was identified by immunoblot reactivity using antisera against salmon and ovine PRL. It consists of 204 amino acid residues, which is the largest among known PRLs, and contains three disulfide bonds corresponding to those of tetrapod PRLs. Sequence comparison with PRLs from other vertebrates revealed that sturgeon PRL has slightly higher sequence identities (35-46%) with teleost PRLs than with tetrapod PRLs (30-40%). These structural characteristics imply that an ancestor of the ray-finned fishes had PRL with three disulfide bonds and at some point after divergence of Chondrostei, the disulfide bond in the amino-terminus of PRL was lost.
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Neuropeptides and hormones in hypothalamus-pituitary axis of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis).
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College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China. Electronic address:
The hypothalamus and pituitary serve as important neuroendocrine center, which is able to secrete a variety of neuropeptides and hormones to participate in the regulation of reproduction, growth, stress and feeding in fish. Chinese sturgeon is a basal vertebrate lineage fish with a special evolutionary status, but the information on its neuroendocrine system is relatively scarce. Using the transcriptome data on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis of Chinese sturgeon as reference, we found out 46 hypothalamus neuropeptide genes, which were involved in regulation of reproduction, growth, stress and feeding.
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Sado Marine Biological Station, Niigata University, Tassha, Sado, Japan.
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Sado Marine Biological Station, Niigata University, Tassha, Sado, Niigata 952-2135, Japan.
The hagfish is considered the most primitive vertebrate known, living or extinct. It remains an enigma whether adenohypophysial hormones similar to those of more advanced vertebrates are present in the hagfish pituitary gland or not. The present study aimed to detect immunoreactive adenohypophysial hormones in the hagfish pituitary gland, using antisera to tetrapod and fish adenohypophysial hormones as immunohistochemical probes.
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Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, School of Fisheries Sciences, Kitasato University, Iwate, Japan.
The complete amino acid sequence of prolactin (PRL) from a chondrostean species, the sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti), has been determined. Sturgeon PRL was isolated from the pituitary glands by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-25 column and high-performance liquid chromatography on a reverse-phase column following acid-acetone extraction. Sturgeon PRL was identified by immunoblot reactivity using antisera against salmon and ovine PRL.
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Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Avenue des Facultés, F-33 405, Talence Cedex.
An immunohistochemical study of the sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) pituitary was undertaken using antisera directed against hormones from various classes of vertebrates, including the only pituitary hormone available from sturgeon, gonadotrophin. A positive reaction was obtained after application of antisera towards the following hormones 1-24 synthetic ACTH (1-24 ACTH), melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH), ovine prolactin (oPRL), ovine growth hormone (oGH), salmon growth hormone (sGH), carp gonadotrophin (cGTH) and its beta subunit (βcGTH), sturgeon gonadotrophin (aciGTH), carp thyrotrophin (cTSH) and β subunit of the human thyrotrophin (βhTSH). The results demonstrate that, in general, the sturgeon pituitary resembles that of teleosts as regards the distribution of the different cell types: ACTH and PRL cells in the rostral pars distalis, GTH, TSH and GH cells in the proximal pars distalis and MSH and PAS-cells in pars intermedia.
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