Canine parvovirus is a truly new pathogen of dogs that emerged in the late 1970s. Initially seen as epidemic disease in all dogs, parvoviral enteritis is now primarily a disease of 1- to 6-month-old dogs. Maternal antibody interference with immunization accounts for the vast majority of vaccine "breaks." Molecular virologic methods have revealed continued evolution of the virus, but this appears to be of greater academic than practical interest. Clinical diagnosis can be definitive in fulminant cases but requires laboratory support--usually demonstration of virus in the feces--in less clear-cut cases. Treatment remains symptomatic, based simply on principles of good supportive care. As the virus is firmly entrenched in both the wild and domestic canine population, elimination of the virus is impossible, and CPV-2 will remain a concern for the small animal practitioner indefinitely.
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