The Cancer Immunology Branch, NCI, is supporting a great deal of exciting research relevant to cancer vaccine development. The few areas highlighted here are representative of ongoing research opportunities, but further progress depends largely on a continued infusion of investigator-initiated ideas to realize the potential of current research areas and open new ones.
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Clinico-Pathological Significance of Tumor Infiltrating Immune Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Hope or Hype?
Head Neck
January 2025
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.
Background: To correlate between immunohistochemical expression of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and natural killer (NK) cells with the AJCC 8th edition TNM staging system and other disease-modifying clinico-pathological variables.
Methods: The representative histology sections of tumor invasive margin (IM) and tumor core (TC) were selected according to the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group and were subjected to immunohistochemistry with antibodies for TILs (CD3, CD8, FOXP3), NK Cells (CD57), TAMs (CD68, CD163) and pan-leukocyte marker (CD45). Histo-immuno-density-intensity (HIDI) scoring was calculated as a product of the proportion and intensity of staining.
Engineered protein G variants for multifunctional antibody-based assemblies.
Protein Sci
February 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
We have developed a portfolio of antibody-based modules that can be prefabricated as standalone units and snapped together in plug-and-play fashion to create uniquely powerful multifunctional assemblies. The basic building blocks are derived from multiple pairs of native and modified Fab scaffolds and protein G (PG) variants engineered by phage display to introduce high pair-wise specificity. The variety of possible Fab-PG pairings provides a highly orthogonal system that can be exploited to perform challenging cell biology operations in a straightforward manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel Flow Cytometric Antibody Panel and Dedicated Analysis Algorithm for Automated Fully Standardized Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.
Am J Hematol
January 2025
Clinic III (Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine), Special Hematology Laboratory, Rostock University Medical School, Rostock, Germany.
Elevated LIF and JAK-STAT activation drive severe COVID-19 in myeloma patients receiving the BCMA-CD3 bispecific antibody Elranatamab.
J Transl Med
January 2025
Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China.
Background: Immunotherapy is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Understanding how immunotherapies lead to severe COVID-19 is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Methods: Human protein microarrays were used to examine the expression of 440 protein molecules in MM patients treated with bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTe) (n = 9), anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (n = 10), and proteasome inhibitor (PI)-based regimens (n = 10).
Overexpression of miR-124 enhances the therapeutic benefit of TMZ treatment in the orthotopic GBM mice model by inhibition of DNA damage repair.
Cell Death Dis
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain cancer with poor prognosis due to the resistant to current treatments, including the first-line drug temozolomide (TMZ). Accordingly, it is urgent to clarify the mechanism of chemotherapeutic resistance to improve the survival rate of patients. In the present study, by integrating comprehensive non-coding RNA-seq data from multiple cohorts of GBM patients, we identified that a series of miRNAs are frequently downregulated in GBM patients compared with the control samples.
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