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The relative size of the calcaneal tuber reflects heel strike plantigrady in African apes and humans.
Am J Biol Anthropol
February 2024
Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Objectives: The positional repertoire of the human-chimpanzee last common ancestor is critical for reconstructing the evolution of bipedalism. African apes and humans share a heel strike plantigrade foot posture associated with terrestriality. Previous research has established that modern humans have a relatively large and intrinsically robust calcaneal tuber equipped to withstand heel strike forces associated with bipedal walking and running.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeel contact as a function of substrate type and speed in primates.
Am J Phys Anthropol
January 1995
Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794, USA.
In this report we provide detailed data on the patterns and frequency of heel contact with terrestrial and arboreal supports in primates. These data can help resolve the question of whether African apes and humans are uniquely "plantigrade" (Gebo [1992] Am. J.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOn plantigrady and quadrupedalism.
Am J Phys Anthropol
July 1993
Department of Cell, Molecular and Structural Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611-3008.
Plantigrady and foot adaptation in African apes: implications for hominid origins.
Am J Phys Anthropol
September 1992
Department of Anthropology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb 60115.
In living primates, except the great apes and humans, the foot is placed in a heel-elevated or semi-plantigrade position when these animals move upon arboreal or terrestrial substrates. Heel placement and bone positions in the non-great ape primate foot are designed to increase mobility and flexibility in the arboreal environment. Orangutans have further enhanced foot mobility by adapting their feet for suspension and thus similarly utilize foot positions where the heel does not touch the substrate.
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