A quantitative method for the determination of patulin in apple juice was examined. The procedure involved patulin extraction from apple juice with ethyl acetate, clean-up with column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography. Fluorescent derivatives, obtained by exposure of patulin on chromatographic plates to concentrated ammonia fumes, permitted a convenient quantitative fluorodensitometric assay of patulin by means of the fluorescence quenching method. The detection limits were 200 ng of pure patulin and 100 micrograms of patulin per litre of apple juice. The recoveries of added patulin ranged from 78 to 110.4 percent, with a mean recovery of 97.8 percent.
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Toxicol Rep
June 2025
Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
The present investigation assessed the risk of dietary exposure to four mycotoxins, namely aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and patulin (PAT) via fruit juice consumption for Iranian consumers. In 96 fruit juice samples obtained from Iran market, mycotoxins levels were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Also, probabilistic health risk assessment was conducted in terms of tolerable daily intake percentage (%TDI) and under cancer risk scenarios.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka.
The inclusion of redox mediators into electrocatalytic systems facilitates rapid electron shuttling kinetics and boosts the overall catalytic performance of the electrode. This approach overcomes the sluggish reaction dynamics associated with direct electron transfer, which may be impeded by restricted analyte access to the electrode's active sites. In contrast to conventional synthetic redox mediators, naturally sourced phytomolecule rutin trihydrate (RT), extracted from apple juice, offers potential ecological advantages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Res Int
February 2025
Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Urla-Izmir, Turkiye. Electronic address:
The detection of adulteration in apple juice concentrate is critical for ensuring product authenticity and consumer safety. This study evaluates the effectiveness of artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machines (SVM) in analyzing spectroscopic data to detect adulteration in apple juice concentrate. Four techniques-UV-visible, fluorescence, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and time domain H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry (H NMR)-were used to generate data from both authentic and adulterated apple juice samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. Electronic address:
Myricetin has a significant role in pharmacology, specifically in traditional Chinese medicine. The most intriguing pharmacological action of myricetin consists of its multi-pathway anticancer effects. Therefore, rapid and selective isolation of myricetin from garlic and apple juices has notable pharmacological benefits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Food Microbiol
January 2025
College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China. Electronic address:
Alicyclobacillus spp. are crucial factors affecting the quality of fruit juice, so it is very important to control their contamination. In this study, the inactivation activity and mechanism of high-voltage pulsed electric fields (HVPEF) combined with antibacterial agents against Alicyclobacillus spp.
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