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A synchronized event-cue feedback loop integrating a 3D printed wearable flexible sensor-tactor platform.
Biosens Bioelectron
January 2025
Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA; Institute for Sustainable Energy and Environment, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA. Electronic address:
Wearable devices designed for the somatosensory system aim to provide event-cue feedback electronics and therapeutic stimulation to the peripheral nervous system. This prompts a neurological response that is relayed back to the central nervous system. Unlike virtual reality tools, these devices precisely target peripheral mechanoreceptors by administering specific stimuli.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDistributed representations of temporally accumulated reward prediction errors in the mouse cortex.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
Reward prediction errors (RPEs) quantify the difference between expected and actual rewards, serving to refine future actions. Although reinforcement learning (RL) provides ample theoretical evidence suggesting that the long-term accumulation of these error signals improves learning efficiency, it remains unclear whether the brain uses similar mechanisms. To explore this, we constructed RL-based theoretical models and used multiregional two-photon calcium imaging in the mouse dorsal cortex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAstrocytes in Primary Familial Brain Calcification (PFBC): Emphasis on the Importance of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Human Astrocyte Models.
Adv Exp Med Biol
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a rare, progressive central nervous system (CNS) disorder without a cure, and the current treatment methodologies primarily aim to relieve neurological and psychiatric symptoms of the patients. The disease is characterized by abnormal bilateral calcifications in the brain, however, our mechanistic understanding of the biology of the disease is still limited. Determining the roles of the specific cell types and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiological processes of the disease is of great importance for the development of novel and effective treatment methodologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLayer-specific control of inhibition by NDNF interneurons.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Modelling of Cognitive Processes, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin 10587, Germany.
Neuronal processing of external sensory input is shaped by internally generated top-down information. In the neocortex, top-down projections primarily target layer 1, which contains NDNF (neuron-derived neurotrophic factor)-expressing interneurons and the dendrites of pyramidal cells. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that NDNF interneurons shape cortical computations in an unconventional, layer-specific way, by exerting presynaptic inhibition on synapses in layer 1 while leaving synapses in deeper layers unaffected.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe weight of multiple hits: how TBI and infectious encephalitis co-modulate adverse outcomes.
Brain Inj
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Science and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA.
Background: Chronic neurologic deficits from traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent infectious encephalitis are poorly characterized.
Methods: Using TriNetX database we queried patients 18 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of encephalitis between 2016 and 2024. Patient cohorts included those with a diagnosis of TBI at least one month before encephalitis ( = 1,038), those with a diagnosis of a TBI anytime before encephalitis ( = 1,886), and those with encephalitis but no TBI, ( = 45,210; = 45,215).
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