The sensitivity and specificity of enzyme immunoassay for antibodies in body fluids have been improved considerably by transferring the complex of labelled antigen and antibody to be detected from one solid phase to another to eliminate interfering substance(s) in the samples (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay). Usefulness of the new method has been tested for antibodies in serum as well as in urine. Anti-thyroglobulin IgG could be measured not only in serum of all patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases and almost all healthy subjects but also in the urine of most of the patients. Anti-HTLV-I IgG was unequivocally demonstrated in some of sera, which were indeterminate or negative by Western blotting, and diagnosis of HIV infection by detecting anti-HIV IgG in urine and saliva would be possible with higher reliability than by conventional methods.
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