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Contribution of the Roman rat lines/strains to personality neuroscience: neurobehavioral modeling of internalizing/externalizing psychopathologies.
Personal Neurosci
October 2023
Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
The Roman high-avoidance (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rat lines/strains were established in Rome through bidirectional selection of Wistar rats for rapid (RHA) or extremely poor (RLA) acquisition of a two-way active avoidance task. Relative to RHAs, RLA rats exhibit enhanced threat sensitivity, anxiety, fear and vulnerability to stress, a passive coping style and increased sensitivity to frustration. Thus, RLA rats' phenotypic profile falls well within the "internalizing" behavior spectrum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA systematic review of neuroimaging studies of clozapine-resistant schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia (Heidelb)
September 2023
Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
This systematic review aimed to review neuroimaging studies comparing clozapine-resistant schizophrenia patients with clozapine-responding patients, and with first-line antipsychotic responding (FLR) patients. A total of 19 studies including 6 longitudinal studies were identified. Imaging techniques comprised computerized tomography (CT, n = 3), structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, n = 7), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS, n = 5), functional MRI (n = 1), single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT, n = 3) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI, n = 1).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe pathophysiology of negative symptoms of schizophrenia: main hypotheses and open challenges.
Br J Psychiatry
July 2023
Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Important developments in the conceptualisation and classification of negative symptoms have contributed to refining hypotheses on their pathophysiology. The uptake of recent progress is still only partial and the whole field might make a leap forward once relevant studies fully make use of assessment tools based on current conceptualisations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Neurophysiological differentiation of personality disorders].
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
November 2022
Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to differentiate between two clusters of personality disorders (schizoid/paranoid and hysterical/emotionally unstable) and between schizoid/paranoid PD and schizophrenia through neurophysiological measures.
- Two groups of patients with specific personality disorder patterns were tested alongside healthy volunteers and schizophrenia patients to analyze neurophysiological responses, focusing on measures like prepulse inhibition and P300 amplitude.
- Results indicated that both PD and schizophrenia groups displayed distinct neurophysiological changes compared to healthy controls, highlighting differences in brain function related to emotional reactivity and cognitive processing among the personality disorders.
Pilot-RCT Finds No Evidence for Modulation of Neuronal Networks of Auditory Hallucinations by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation.
Brain Sci
October 2022
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is used as treatment for auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). The theory behind the treatment is that tDCS activity in prefrontal cognitive control areas, which are assumed to be active, and simultaneously activity in temporal speech perception areas, which are assumed to be active during AVH. We tested this hypofrontal/hypertemporal reversal theory by investigating anatomical, neurotransmitter, brain activity, and network connectivity changes over the course of tDCS treatment.
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