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The development and validation of the beliefs about Baby Crying at Night (BBCN) scale.
Sleep Med
December 2024
Faculty of Psychology, UniDistance Suisse, 3900, Brig, Switzerland; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292 - INSERM U1028, Lyon, France. Electronic address:
Objective: What are young children trying to express when they cry at night? According to Sadeh, parental beliefs about why their child is crying may play a role in the development and persistence of their child's insomnia. The aim of this study was to create a scale that specifically assesses these parental interpretations in different dimensions.
Methods: Children aged between 6 months and 3 years with either good sleep habits or behavioural insomnia were recruited.
Postnatal Development of the Circadian Rhythmicity of Human Pineal Melatonin Synthesis and Secretion (Systematic Review).
Children (Basel)
September 2024
Center for Applied Prevention®, Blasewitzer Str. 41, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
According to current knowledge, at birth, the pineal gland and melatonin receptors are already present and the suprachiasmatic nucleus is largely functional, and noradrenaline, the key pineal transmitter, can be detected in the early foetal period. It is still unclear why the pineal gland is not able to start its own pulsatile synthesis and secretion of melatonin in the first months of life, and as a result, infants during this time are dependent on an external supply of melatonin. The causes and consequences of this physiological melatonin deficiency in human infancy are examined in a systematic review of the literature, in which 40 of 115 initially selected publications were evaluated in detail.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe dark side of fear expression: Infant crying as a trigger for maladaptive parental responses.
Behav Brain Sci
May 2023
Interacting Minds Centre (IMC), Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/persons/joshua-skewes(22c8a4e5-1104-4c4e-9c17-b84a9233e905).html.
While infant fearfulness, and its expression via crying, may have been adaptive in our evolutionary history, for modern parents, crying can be challenging to respond to. We discuss how and why prolonged crying can raise the risk for difficulties with adult care. Given that crying is the most-reported trigger for shaking, its potential to elicit maladaptive responses should not be overlooked.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy Objectives: Infant sleep problems are one of the most common complaints of new parents. Research to date has demonstrated a relationship between low parental cry tolerance and infant sleep problems. The aim of this study was to explore whether three emotion regulation strategies could increase parental cry tolerance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe origin of smiling, laughing, and crying: The defensive mimic theory.
Evol Hum Sci
March 2022
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
Why do we leak lubricant from the eyes to solicit comfort from others? Why do we bare our teeth and crinkle our faces to express non-aggression? The defensive mimic theory proposes that a broad range of human emotional expressions evolved originally as exaggerated, temporally extended mimics of the fast, defensive reflexes that normally protect the body surface. Defensive reflexes are so important to survival that they cannot be safely suppressed; yet they also broadcast information about an animal's internal state, information that can potentially be exploited by other animals. Once others can observe and exploit an animal's defensive reflexes, it may be advantageous to the animal to run interference by creating mimic defensive actions, thereby manipulating the behaviour of others.
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