Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerves, first described in the gut, were identified in the lung about twenty years ago. These fibers constitute in the airways an extensive network of nerve endings containing a great amount of neuropeptides which can influence bronchi smooth muscle tone and control airway calibre. These mediators can also modulate immune function and cellular responses characteristic of inflammation in the bronchi. It is obvious that they can play an important role in asthma, and it is likely that a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of these substances will lead to new treatments in asthma.
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