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Situs anomalies, including situs inversus and situs ambiguous (SAMB), are rare congenital conditions typically noted in pediatric populations, with SAMB being particularly uncommon in adults. This case study addresses the incidental discovery of situs ambiguous with polysplenia in a 65-year-old man evaluated for suspected adrenal adenoma. The patient's medical history included benign prostatic hyperplasia and tuberculous pleurisy.

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Polysplenia Syndrome and the Development of Heart Failure due to Associated Congenital Heart Defect.

J Belg Soc Radiol

December 2024

Department of Radiology, Sint-Franciscusziekenhuis, Heusden-Zolder, Belgium.

Patients with polysplenia syndrome can develop pulmonary hypertension and heart failure due to underlying congenital heart disease, underscoring the need for early recognition and intervention to prevent further progression of the condition.

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Article Synopsis
  • Heterotaxy syndrome (HS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by unusual arrangements of thoracic and abdominal organs, which complicates its diagnosis due to varied clinical presentations and an unclear classification system.
  • The case of a 50-year-old male with a history of multiple health issues presented symptoms like abdominal and back pain, leading to the discovery of congenital anomalies associated with HS and left isomerism, as well as complications from hepatolithiasis.
  • This scenario highlights the diagnostic and management challenges of HS, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to care, especially when patients exhibit acute medical issues tied to their unique anatomical structures.
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Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) accounts for a small percentage of all congenital heart diseases (CHD) and occurs with a rare incidence in live births. It is a frequently diagnosed cardiac defect in infancy, though some patients present later with severe complications and reduced life expectancy. Heterotaxy syndrome is marked by abnormal lateralization of abdominal and thoracic organs, including the cardiac atria.

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The Polysplenia Syndrome (PSS) is a form of heterotaxy, a rare congenital anomaly with an estimated incidence of 1 in 250,000 live births, first described by Helwig in 1929. Most patients with polysplenia syndrome die during the neonatal period due to severe associated cardiac and biliary anomalies. Nevertheless, some individuals present with moderate cardiovascular malformations or abdominal anomalies, often discovered incidentally in adulthood.

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