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Comparative functional analyses of the prostate-specific KLK3 enzyme in primates reveals the impact of sexual selection.
Evolution
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, United States.
Male reproductive proteins frequently evolve rapidly in animals, potentially due to adaptive evolution driven by sperm competition, polyspermy avoidance, or pathogen defense. Alternatively, elevated rates of protein change may be due to relaxed constraint. The prostate-specific protease KLK3 has experienced dynamic evolution since its origin stemming from a gene duplication in the ancestor of all Old World primates, with instances of rapid evolution, stasis, and pseudogenization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsights into Chemical and Structural Order at Planar Defects in PbMgWO Using Multislice Electron Ptychography.
ACS Nano
January 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
Switchable order parameters in ferroic materials are essential for functional electronic devices, yet disruptions of the ordering can take the form of planar boundaries or defects that exhibit distinct properties from the bulk, such as electrical (polar) or magnetic (spin) response. Characterizing the structure of these boundaries is challenging due to their confined size and three-dimensional (3D) nature. Here, a chemical antiphase boundary in the highly ordered double perovskite PbMgWO is investigated using multislice electron ptychography.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUniversal kinetic description for the thermal dehydration of sodium carbonate monohydrate powder across different temperatures and water vapor pressures.
Phys Chem Chem Phys
January 2025
Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
The thermal dehydration of sodium carbonate monohydrate (SC-MH) exhibits kinetic characteristics that are typical of the thermal decomposition of solids with a reversible nature. One of the characteristics is the physico-geometrical constraints of the reaction due to the heterogeneous reaction feature. Another factor is the considerable impact of the atmospheric and self-generated water vapor on the kinetics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLeaching of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum via citric acid medium: optimization through central composite design and kinetics studies.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, 751030, Odisha, India.
Due to limited resources of rare earth elements (REEs) and their high demand, these are subjected to supply constraints. So it is important to recover REEs from potential secondary resources. Phosphogypsum is the waste generated on an enormous scale (300 million metric tons per year) from the fertilizer industry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKinetic Theory with Casimir Invariants-Toward Understanding of Self-Organization by Topological Constraints.
Entropy (Basel)
December 2024
National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi, Toki 509-5292, Gifu, Japan.
A topological constraint, characterized by the Casimir invariant, imparts non-trivial structures in a complex system. We construct a kinetic theory in a constrained phase space (infinite-dimensional function space of macroscopic fields), and characterize a self-organized structure as a thermal equilibrium on a leaf of foliated phase space. By introducing a model of a grand canonical ensemble, the Casimir invariant is interpreted as the number of topological particles.
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