Threshold values of duration if frequency modulated signals (sweeps) were measured under the free behaviour conditions in cats. Modulation of the sweeps was carried out linearly in a diapason of 2-100 ms with both increasing and decreasing frequency and embedded in tone stimuli with central frequency of 2.5 kHz and total duration of 0.5 s. The sweeping rate was the same in all cases and equal to 1.2 kHz/s. While training, animals had to discriminate "short" (2 ms) signals (heard by a human as clicks) and "long" (100 ms) signals (with well expressed frequency change when hearing). Different durations being used in experiments, at the sweeping duration of 30 ms cats qualified signals as "short" and "long" ones with equal probabilities. The results are similar to those obtained for humans in spite of significant difference in frequency resolution ability for animals and humans.
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JCI Insight
January 2025
Medical Oncology Department, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Background: Previously, we demonstrated that changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are promising biomarkers for early response prediction (ERP) to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). In this study, we investigated the value of whole blood immunotranscriptomics for ERP-ICI and integrated both biomarkers into a multimodal model to boost accuracy.
Methods: Blood samples of 93 patients were collected at baseline and after 2-6 weeks of ICI for ctDNA (N=88) and immunotranscriptome (N=79) analyses.
J Clin Invest
January 2025
Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Metabolic reprogramming shapes tumor microenvironment (TME) and may lead to immunotherapy resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Elucidating the impact of pancreatic cancer cell metabolism in the TME is essential to therapeutic interventions. "Immune cold" PDAC is characterized by elevated lactate levels resulting from tumor cell metabolism, abundance of pro-tumor macrophages, and reduced cytotoxic T cell in the TME.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Soc Nephrol
January 2025
Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
Background: Arteriovenous (AV) fistulas are the preferred access for dialysis but have a high incidence of failure. This study aims to understand the crosstalk between skeletal muscle catabolism and AV fistula maturation failure.
Methods: Skeletal muscle metabolism and AV fistula maturation were evaluated in mice with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
ACS Biomater Sci Eng
January 2025
Nano 2 Micro Material Design Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
Herein, fluorescent calcium carbonate nanoclusters encapsulated with methotrexate (Mtx) and surface functionalized with chitosan (25 nm) (@Calmat) have been developed for the imaging and treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These biocompatible, pH-sensitive nanoparticles demonstrate significant potential for targeted therapy and diagnostic applications. The efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs) was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell lines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMinerva Obstet Gynecol
January 2025
Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, Policlinic University Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Introduction: Relaxin is a hormone primarily produced by the corpus luteum during pregnancy, and it plays a critical role in various physiological processes related to pregnancy and childbirth.
Evidence Acquisition: Studies have suggested a possible link between relaxin levels and preterm birth. Relaxin's effects on the cervix and pelvic ligaments suggest it could influence the mode of delivery.
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