C-reactive protein (CRP), which is known to rise rapidly in the serum after tissue injuries or inflammation, was measured daily after renal transplantation during hospitalization up to day 28 in 45 consecutive patients. In 16 patients who developed neither an infection nor rejection the CRP level normalized within 3 to 5 days. In 7 out of 14 patients with graft rejection the CRP level rose 1 to 3 days before the clinical signs of rejection. 11 patients with overt infection all had a CRP rise. 6 other patients had a CRP rise: in 5 the clinical situation explained this rise but in the sixth no explanation was found. We conclude from our results that periodic measurement of CRP (for example twice a week), even under aggressive immunosuppression, can help in the early diagnosis of graft rejection after renal transplantation. In the event of infection CRP loses its usefulness with respect to graft rejection and the daily measurements have no further point.
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