The paper is concerned with acute pyelonephritis pathogenesis in patients with a solitary kidney. Upon nephrectomy, the remaining kidney undergoes compensatory-adaptive processes giving rise to injury of the first barrier of the local nonspecific resistance. This results in more rapid and severe course of acute pyelonephritis, development of pyodestructive disease, protracted run. Active surgical policy in acute obturation pyelonephritis in patients with a single kidney, early recovery of adequate urine outflow can prevent progression to destructive pyelonephritis and advance treatment results.
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