Oxygen pressure as low as 5% in the gas phase or 87 mmHg in the liquid phase induced various neuroendocrine cell (NEC) phenotypes in more than 80% of cells of a cloned fetal Syrian hamster lung epithelial cell line (M3E3/C3). Further, cells from a number of colonies transformed in an anchorage-independent manner by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) demonstrated a NEC phenotype. Since the cell line used is of a pluripotent stem cell type, both hypoxia and DEN appear to possess a potency for NEC phenotype induction.

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