The paper describes a case of primary hyperaldosteronism using typical postural tests for hyperplasia and negative CAT, elements which in the majority of cases allow an adrenal gland hyperplasia to be confirmed, but which should not overlook the rare but documented possibility of a small adenoma not visible with CAT, responding to angiotensin II and which can be treated with surgery.
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J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep
January 2025
Blanchard Valley Health System, OH, USA.
Oxyntic gland adenomas (OGAs) are benign gastric neoplasms composed of gland-forming epithelial cells with predominantly chief cell differentiation resembling oxyntic glands confined to the mucosa. If the tumor has submucosal invasion, it should be classified as gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type. The OGAs can pose a diagnostic challenge, as they can resemble aggressive gastric neoplasms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDig Endosc
January 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan.
Chronic Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is the largest etiological factor for gastric cancer, but in recent years the reports of Hp-naïve gastric neoplasms (HpNGNs) have increased as the Hp-infected population in Japan has been declining. The histopathologic spectrum of HpNGNs differs significantly from that of conventional Hp-infected gastric neoplasms. Molecularly, the former harbor considerably fewer genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, reflecting the absence of chronic inflammatory conditions in the gastric mucosa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Endocrinol Metab
January 2025
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency results in severe cortisol and aldosterone deficiency, leading to persistent adrenal stimulation and excess production of ACTH and adrenal androgens. This review examines the clinical considerations and challenges of balancing under- and overtreatment with glucocorticoids in adolescent and adult male individuals with CAH. Adolescents face many unique challenges that can hinder adherence, hormonal control, and transition to independence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Oncol
January 2025
Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephro-Urology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Introduction: The current understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis is based on the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, where genetics, intestinal microbiota changes and local immunity shifts seem to play the key roles. Despite the emerging evidence of dysbiotic intestinal state and immune-cell infiltration changes in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, early and advanced adenoma as precursors of colorectal cancer, and carcinoma as the following progression, are rather less studied. The newly colon-site adapted AI-based analysis of immune infiltrates is able to predict long-term outcomes of colon carcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDig Endosc
January 2025
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Endoscopic intraductal radiofrequency ablation (ID-RFA) can curatively treat residual intraductal lesions after endoscopic papillectomy. This study aimed to verify the tissue invasiveness of ID-RFA using a novel RF generator and to explore its appropriate settings in an animal experiment, followed by a small clinical study. Pig liver specimens were ablated using a dedicated RF catheter and two RF generators to investigate structural differences between them and the ablation effects produced under various voltage and power settings.
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