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Satiety: a gut-brain-relationship.
J Physiol Sci
January 2025
Psychology department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon.
Many hormones act on the hypothalamus to control hunger and satiety through various pathways closely associated with several factors. When food is present in the gastro intestinal (GI) tract, enteroendocrine cells (EECs) emit satiety signals such as cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), which can then communicate with the vagus nerve to control food intake. More specifically, satiety has been shown to be particularly affected by the GLP-1 hormone and its receptor agonists that have lately been acknowledged as a promising way to reduce weight.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynaptic Targets and Cellular Sources of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor and Vesicular Glutamate Transporter-3 Expressing Nerve Terminals in Relation to GABAergic Neurons in the Human Cerebral Cortex.
Eur J Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) regulates synaptic transmission through presynaptic receptors in nerve terminals, and its physiological roles are of clinical relevance. The cellular sources and synaptic targets of CB1-expressing terminals in the human cerebral cortex are undefined. We demonstrate a variable laminar pattern of CB1-immunoreactive axons and electron microscopically show that CB1-positive GABAergic terminals make type-2 synapses innervating dendritic shafts (69%), dendritic spines (20%) and somata (11%) in neocortical layers 2-3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethod for measuring cervical vagal nerve activity in conscious rats.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
January 2025
Autonomic Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Science and Human Technology, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan.
The current study aimed to propose a method to directly measure right cervical vagal nerve activity (cVNA) alongside renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in conscious rats. The right cervical vagus nerve was surgically exposed and fitted with a bipolar electrode to record cVNA. A microcatheter was used to administer levobupivacaine to selectively block afferent cVNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppetite-related Gut Hormone Responses to Feeding Across the Life Course.
J Endocr Soc
January 2025
The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
Appetite-related hormones are secreted from the gut, signaling the presence of nutrients. Such signaling allows for cross-talk between the gut and the appetite-control regions of the brain, influencing appetite and food intake. As nutritional requirements change throughout the life course, it is perhaps unsurprising that appetite and eating behavior are not constant.
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