Patients with chronic hepatitis were found to develop an inadequate di- and natriuretic responses to osmotic agents administered into the gastrointestinal tract. In liver cirrhosis, the intensity of adaptive responses decreases or they completely disappeared. The causes for these abnormalities are impairment of osmoregulatory reflex links and dyscoordination of humoral factors.
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Bull Environ Contam Toxicol
June 2020
Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
We examined copper accumulation in the hemolymph, gills and hepatopancreas, and hemolymph osmolality, Na and Cl concentrations, together with gill Na/K-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase activities, after dietary copper delivery (0, 100 or 500 Cu µg g) for 12 days in a fiddler crab, Minuca rapax. In contaminated crabs, copper concentration decreased in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas, but increased in the gills. Hemolymph osmolality and gill Na/K-ATPase activity increased while hemolymph [Na] and [Cl] and gill carbonic anhydrase activity decreased.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Diabetol
October 2012
Solianis Monitoring AG, Zurich, Switzerland.
Hyperglycaemia is well known to cause reductions in plasma Na(+) levels or even hyponatraemia due to an osmotically induced dilution of the interstitium and blood. It is, however, unclear whether this dilution is significantly counteracted by ion regulatory homeostatic mechanism(s) or not. Furthermore, the effects of moderate hyperglycaemia on other major ions are less well known.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
November 2010
Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
The Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase is the primary electrogenic component driving transepithelial ion transport in the teleost gill; thus regulation of its level of activity is of critical importance for osmotic homeostasis. In the present study, we examined the dynamics of the gill-specific FXYD-11 protein, a putative regulatory subunit of the pump, in Atlantic salmon during seawater (SW) acclimation, smoltification, and treatment with cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin. Dual-labeling immunohistochemistry showed that branchial FXYD-11 is localized in Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase immunoreactive cells, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments confirmed a direct association between FXYD-11 and the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase α-subunit.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol
November 2008
Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.
A sufficient and timely energy supply is a prerequisite for the operation of iono- and osmoregulatory mechanisms in fish. Measurements of whole-fish or isolated-gill (or other organs) oxygen consumption have demonstrated regulation of the energy supply during acclimation to different osmotic environments, and such regulation is dependent on species, the situation of acclimation or acclimatization, and life habits. Carbohydrate metabolism appears to play a major role in the energy supply for iono- and osmoregulation, and the liver is the major source supplying carbohydrate metabolites to osmoregulatory organs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Biol
October 2002
Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Crabs generally produce urine iso-osmotic to their haemolymph, but terrestrial crabs are able to vary the composition of their final excretory fluid (termed P) postrenally, in the branchial chambers. Regulatory aspects of branchial urine processing were investigated in the Christmas Island red crab Gecarcoidea natalis acclimated to drinking either freshwater (FW crabs) or 70% seawater (SW crabs). FW crabs released dilute P (mean [Cl(-)] 8.
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