A group of 101 fatal traffic injuries of pedestrians was analyzed by type of encounter and vehicle, pedestrian's age, impact speed, direction of collision, height of bumper and leg injury. In collisions type A injuries of the spine, pelvis and lower extremities were relatively more frequent, while in collision C there were relatively more injuries of the skull, organs of the thoracic cavity and upper extremities. This difference is, however, significant only in leg injuries. The most threatened group of pedestrians are old people. There is a statistically significant substantially higher ratio of injuries of the thoracic aorta in older pedestrians. Head injuries, fractures of the extremities and pelvis are in cca 80% on the side where the vehicle hit the pedestrian's body. The height of the leg fracture does not correspond with the height of the bumper, neither on the side of the collision nor in contralateral fractures.
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J Safety Res
September 2024
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 4121 Wilson Boulevard, 6th Floor, Arlington, VA 22203, United States.
Introduction: Vehicles play an important role in pedestrian injury risk in crashes. This study examined the association between vehicle front-end geometry and the risk of fatal pedestrian injuries in motor vehicle crashes.
Method: A total of 17,897 police-reported crashes involving a single passenger vehicle and a single pedestrian in seven states were used in the analysis.
Accid Anal Prev
November 2024
Country State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China. Electronic address:
A multi-objective optimization method based on an injury prediction model is proposed to address the increasingly prominent safety issues for e-bike riders in Chinese road traffic. This method aims to enhance the protective effect of vehicle front-end for e-bike riders by encompassing a broader range of test scenarios. Initially, large-scale rider injury response data were collected using automated Madymo simulations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraffic Inj Prev
April 2024
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, Virginia.
Objective: Large passenger vehicles have consistently demonstrated an outsized injury risk to pedestrians they strike, particularly those with tall, blunt front ends. However, the specific injuries suffered by pedestrians in these crashes as well as the mechanics of those injuries remain unclear. The current study was conducted to explore how a variety of vehicle measurements affect pedestrian injury outcomes using crash reconstruction and detailed injury attribution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Ecol
November 2023
Plant Biology Graduate Program and Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
Weedy rice (Oryza spp.) is a weedy relative of the cultivated rice that competes with the crop and causes significant production loss. The BHA (blackhull awned) US weedy rice group has evolved from aus cultivated rice and differs from its ancestors in several important weediness traits, including flowering time, plant height and seed shattering.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
July 2023
School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
In this paper, we compare three energy harvesting systems in which we introduce additional bumpers whose mathematical model is mapped with a non-linear characteristic based on the hyperbolic sine Fibonacci function. For the analysis, we construct non-linear two-well, three-well and four-well systems with a cantilever beam and permanent magnets. In order to compare the effectiveness of the systems, we assume comparable distances between local minima of external wells and the maximum heights of potential barriers.
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