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L-form conversion in Gram-positive bacteria enables escape from phage infection.
Nat Microbiol
March 2023
Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
At the end of a lytic bacteriophage replication cycle in Gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan-degrading endolysins that cause explosive cell lysis of the host can also attack non-infected bystander cells. Here we show that in osmotically stabilized environments, Listeria monocytogenes can evade phage predation by transient conversion to a cell wall-deficient L-form state. This L-form escape is triggered by endolysins disintegrating the cell wall from without, leading to turgor-driven extrusion of wall-deficient, yet viable L-form cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsolation of L-form Bacteria from Urine using Filtration Method.
J Vis Exp
June 2020
Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University;
Transition of bacteria to the L-form state is thought to play a possible role in immune evasion and bacterial persistence during treatment with cell wall-targeting antibiotics. However, isolation and handling of L-form bacteria is challenging, mainly due to their high sensitivity to changes in osmolarity. Here, we describe detailed protocols for the preparation of L-form medium, isolation of L-forms from urine using a filtration method, detection of L-forms in urine samples by phase contrast microscopy and induction of L-forms in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment of an online two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatographic system in combination with tandem mass spectrometric detection for enantiomeric analysis of free amino acids in human physiological fluid.
J Chromatogr A
October 2018
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address:
An automated two-dimensional HPLC-MS/MS system was designed and developed for the highly selective determination of trace levels of d-amino acids. As the targets, frequently observed ones in mammalian physiological fluids, Ala, Asp, Glu, Leu, Pro and Ser, were selected because these d-amino acids are the potential biomarkers for the early and sensitive diagnoses of various diseases. The target analytes were derivatized with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F), then isolated by a reversed-phase column in the first dimension.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Comparison of induction L-form of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus by cefazolin].
Pol Merkur Lekarski
December 2008
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Katedra i Zakład Mikrobiologii.
Unlabelled: The L-forms of bacteria have not been studied carefully yet, because it is difficult to detect them in Gram stain reactions by light microscopy. They can be cultured on specialized hypertonic medium. We don't find any reports about intentional in vitro induction and assessment of frequency of L-forms of S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFL-forms of Staphylococcus epidermidis induced by penicillin.
Pol J Microbiol
March 2007
Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Microbiology ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
L-forms of S. epidermidis were induced at 35 degrees C with the use of an L-form medium with penicillin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of L-form induction and demonstrate whether the origin of the clinical strains affects the frequency of L-forms induction, as well as to study whether the time of action of the antibiotic has an influence on frequency of L-form induction.
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