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Kuanxiong Aerosol Attenuates Ischemic Stroke Injury via Modulation of the TRPV1 Channel.
Chin J Integr Med
January 2025
Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Kuanxiong Aerosol (KXA) on ischemic stroke with reperfusion and elucidate the underlying pharmacological mechanisms.
Methods: In vivo pharmacological effects on ischemic stroke with reperfusion was evaluated using the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) mice model. To evaluate short-term outcome, 30 mice were randomly divided into vehicle group (n=15) and KXA group (n=15).
Metformin Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Preserving Mitochondrial Dynamics Balance and Calcium Homeostasis.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic medication for treating malignancies, although its cardiotoxicity limits its use. There is growing evidence that alteration of the mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamic processes accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and alteration of calcium Ca homeostasis are potential underlying mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Metformin (Met) is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator that has antioxidant properties and cardioprotective effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFValence and salience encoding in the central amygdala.
Elife
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.
The central amygdala (CeA) has emerged as an important brain region for regulating both negative (fear and anxiety) and positive (reward) affective behaviors. The CeA has been proposed to encode affective information in the form of valence (whether the stimulus is good or bad) or salience (how significant is the stimulus), but the extent to which these two types of stimulus representation occur in the CeA is not known. Here, we used single cell calcium imaging in mice during appetitive and aversive conditioning and found that majority of CeA neurons (~65%) encode the valence of the unconditioned stimulus (US) with a smaller subset of cells (~15%) encoding the salience of the US.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFL-type Calcium Channel Blockade Worsens Glucose Tolerance and β-Cell Function in C57BL6/J Mice Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
January 2025
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami Florida.
Intermittent hypoxemia (IH), a pathophysiologic consequence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), adversely affects insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance. Nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker frequently used for treatment of hypertension, can also impair insulin sensitivity and secretion. However, the cumulative and interactive repercussions of IH and nifedipine on glucose homeostasis have not been previously investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSox10 is required for systemic initiation of bone mineralization.
Development
January 2025
Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Heterozygous variants in SOX10 cause congenital syndromes affecting pigmentation, digestion, hearing, and neural development, primarily attributable to failed differentiation or loss of non-skeletal neural crest derivatives. We report here an additional novel requirement for Sox10 in bone mineralization. Neither crest- nor mesoderm-derived bones initiate mineralization on time in zebrafish sox10 mutants, despite normal osteoblast differentiation and matrix production.
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