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A brief history of Guinea worm research in the modern period, 1698-1931.
Infez Med
December 2024
School of Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, England.
Guinea worm is a debilitating waterborne parasitic disease with a long history. This paper examines the ways guinea worm was understood in English-language scientific literature between 1688 and 1931. In the early eighteenth century, guinea worm was principally understood by English-speaking physicians as an exotic wonder of faraway lands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA long view of social mobility in Scotland and the role of economic changes.
Br J Sociol
November 2024
Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Changes in the social mobility of men in Scotland between the late-19th and the late-twentieth century are examined using new individual-level data from nineteenth-century censuses, linking records of men aged 0-19 in 1871 to their records in 1901, and then comparing their patterns with the social mobility of men aged 30-49 in 1974 and in 2001 as recorded in social surveys at these dates. The extent of social mobility in the nineteenth century was large. In particular, the social origins of people in the highest classes-the salariat-were very varied, indicating a society that was more open than is sometimes supposed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe relationship between art and technology in the late nineteenth century was contested but increasingly characterized by a harmonious integration that reflected a progressive and optimistic view of technological innovation. This cover essay examines an advertising poster designed by the German-Italian commercial artist Adolfo Hohenstein for a public exhibition of infants in incubators, which opened in Paris in 1896. Hohenstein's poster for the Maternité Lion, with its distinctive and innovative use of an art nouveau style, captures the widespread enthusiasm for the new technologies and industries that characterized the art nouveau movement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe philosophical coming of age of science. Euler's role in Cassirer's early philosophy of space and time.
Stud Hist Philos Sci
December 2024
Universitá di Torino, Department of Philosophy and Educational Sciences, Via S. Ottavio, 20 10124, Torino, Italy. Electronic address:
Cassirer's early philosophy of space and time, overshadowed by his later work on relativity, has been scarcely explored in the literature. This paper aims to bridge this gap. It argues that understanding Cassirer's point of view requires acknowledging the pivotal role he attributed to the work of Leonhard Euler in the philosophical 'coming of age' of modern science.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Telegraphic Body: Dyspepsia, Modern Life, and 'Gastric Time' in Nineteenth-Century Medicine and Culture.
J Med Humanit
September 2024
University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
From Italian physician Hieronymus Mercurialis's contention that the stomach was 'the king of the belly', to its promotion by the end of the nineteenth century to the 'monarch of humanity' in patent medicine, to Byron Robinson's discovery of the enteric nervous system in 1907 (a mesh of neural connectivity that led him to dub the gut 'the second brain'), there has historically been a longstanding awareness of the expansive reach of the gut in the functions of the body. In the nineteenth century, the authority of the gut and its allyship with the brain became a focus for writers thinking about the intersections of illness and 'modern life'. In medical texts, domestic health manuals, patent medicine, and fiction, the electric telegraph in particular became a way of envisaging what we would now call the 'gut-brain axis'.
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