Clinically useful methods to identify and document the presence of foreign material in tissues surrounding breast implants are needed. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy is an ideal technique for examining tissue for the presence of implantable biomaterials. Because the spectroscopy is microscopically guided, the pathologist is assured that the obtained spectrum is from the region of interest in a tissue section. Scanning electron microscopy yields elemental data but cannot be used to identify compounds. Because each compound has a unique spectrum by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the spectrum obtained enables identification of the various foreign materials observed by light microscopy in tissues surrounding breast implants. Histopathology from implant capsules demonstrating a silicone gel-filled implant, a saline-filled textured implant, a polyurethane foam-covered gel-filled implant, a Dacron fixation patch, and a paraffin injection granuloma are presented with corresponding Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy spectra.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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January 2025
Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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January 2025
College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China. Electronic address:
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January 2025
School of Textiles and Clothing, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China. Electronic address:
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January 2025
College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China. Electronic address:
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