A method was developed for fractionation and isolation of toxic components present in extracts prepared from Dinophysis-contaminated mussels. The major toxin present in French mussels was identified as okadaic acid by its chromatographic properties and spectral data. Large amounts of mussel tissue (digestive glands and remaining meat) can be treated easily if they are cooked, or cooked and dried and are useful for isolating significant amounts of okadaic acid.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nt.2620020406 | DOI Listing |
Toxins (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea.
, a dinoflagellate responsible for producing diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, poses significant threats to marine ecosystems, aquaculture industries, and human health. DSP toxins, including okadaic acid (OA), dinophysis toxin (DTX), and their diverse derivatives, continue to be identified and characterized. In this study, we report the isolation of four new diol esters of OA/DTX-1 from large-scale cultures of .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStem Cell Res Ther
January 2025
NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, International Center for Technology and Innovation of Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100021, China.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition affecting around 50 million people worldwide. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have emerged as a promising source for cellular therapy due to their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types and their paracrine effects. However, the direct injection of BMMSCs can lead to potential unpredictable impairments, prompting a renewed interest in their paracrine effects for AD treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcotoxicol Environ Saf
January 2025
College of Life Science and Technology, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510362, China. Electronic address:
Harmful algal blooms (HABs), exacerbated by climate change and environmental disturbances, pose global challenges due to marine toxin contamination, particularly diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs). DSTs are prevalent marine toxins, and understanding their synthesis is vital for managing fisheries and mitigating environmental triggers. This study delves into the synthesis mechanisms of DSTs in Prorocentrum arenarium and Prorocentrum lima, which vary in toxin types and concentrations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
December 2024
Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, Brazil.
Microplastics (MP) are suitable substrates for the colonization of harmful microalgal cells and the adsorption of their lipophilic compounds including phycotoxins. Moreover, such interactions likely change as physical-chemical characteristics of the MP surface are gradually modified during plastic degradation in aquatic environments. Using a combination of innovative laboratory experiments, this study systematically investigated, for the first time, the influence of various MP characteristics (polymeric composition, shape, size, and/or surface roughness) on its capacity to carry both living harmful algal cells and dissolved phycotoxins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMar Environ Res
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
Lipophilic phycotoxins (LPTs) are toxic and lipophilic secondary metabolites produced by toxic microalgae, which pose a serious threat to marine shellfish culture industries. LPTs were systematically investigated in bottom seawater, suspended particulate matter (SPM), sediment, and sediment porewater of Laizhou Bay, a typical mariculture bay in China, to understand the chemical diversity and environment behaviors of LPTs in the benthic environments. Okadaic acid (OA), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), azaspiracid-2 (AZA2), gymnodimine (GYM), pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (PTX2 SA), 7-epi- pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (7-epi-PTX2 SA), 13-desmethylspirolide C (SPX1), yessotoxin (YTX) and homo YTX (h-YTX) were detected in the benthic environment of Laizhou Bay in spring, indicating that LPTs are rich in chemical diversity.
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