The effects of contextual changes were examined in a group of divers performing a test of face recognition. No evidence was found that the shift from above to below water, or vice versa, disrupted recognition. The fact that the same test of visual recognition is sensitive to amnesic subjects poses a challenge to certain versions of the contextual deficit theory of amnesia.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(13)80205-5 | DOI Listing |
Biometrics
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada.
Effect modification occurs when the impact of the treatment on an outcome varies based on the levels of other covariates known as effect modifiers. Modeling these effect differences is important for etiological goals and for purposes of optimizing treatment. Structural nested mean models (SNMMs) are useful causal models for estimating the potentially heterogeneous effect of a time-varying exposure on the mean of an outcome in the presence of time-varying confounding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatrics
January 2025
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Context: Extubation failure (EF) is common in preterm neonates and may be associated with adverse outcomes.
Objective: To systematically review and meta-analyze the existing literature on predictors and outcomes of EF in preterm neonates.
Data Sources: MEDLINE, Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Embase (OvidSP), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), and Cochrane Library (Wiley) from 1995 onward.
Eur J Prev Cardiol
January 2025
CH Saint Joseph et Saint Luc. Lyon, France.
Due to the aging population, focusing on healthy aging has become a global priority. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and frailty, characterized by increased vulnerability to adverse stress and health events, interact synergistically in advanced age. In older adults, hip fractures are a frequent dramatic "life-transition" event.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Nurs Stud Adv
June 2025
Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, Portland, OR, USA.
Background: Many adults with heart failure (HF) are physically frail and have worse outcomes. While the biological profile of physical frailty in HF has been examined, the behavioral profile remains unstudied. Physical frailty may impact self-care behaviors, particularly symptom monitoring and management (SMM), which in turn results in adverse outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf
January 2025
School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Introduction: Masking is a reporting bias where drug safety signals are muffled by elevated reporting of other medications in spontaneous reporting databases. While the impact of masking is often limited, its effect when using restricted designs, such as active comparators, can be consequential.
Methods: We used data from the US Food and Drugs Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (1999Q3-2013Q3) to study masking in a real-world example.
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