Presents a quantitative method for analyzing the time course of opisthorchiasis treatment in children based on the exponential model of adult species death during exposure to various anthelminthics. This method permits calculation of the length of elimination of Opisthorchis from the host body in relation to anthelminthic dose; the results of its experimental and clinical trials are presented.
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J Orthop Surg Res
January 2025
Central Coast Local Health District, Gosford, NSW, 2295, Australia.
Background: The use of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, has been shown to effectively reduce total blood loss and transfusion rates in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this paper is to evaluate the implementation lag and clinical uptake of the use of TXA for primary TKA after publication of two landmark studies. Additionally, it assessed the efficacy of TXA use in TKA in reducing post-operative blood transfusions and hospital length of stay (LOS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
January 2025
Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Since the onset of the pandemic, many SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged, exhibiting substantial evolution in the virus' spike protein, the main target of neutralizing antibodies. A plausible hypothesis proposes that the virus evolves to evade antibody-mediated neutralization (vaccine- or infection-induced) to maximize its ability to infect an immunologically experienced population. Because viral infection induces neutralizing antibodies, viral evolution may thus navigate on a dynamic immune landscape that is shaped by local infection history.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objective: To assess whether conventional brightness-mode (B-mode) transrectal ultrasound images of the prostate reveal clinically significant cancers with the help of artificial intelligence methods.
Methods: This study included 2986 men who underwent biopsies at two institutions. We trained the PROstate Cancer detection on B-mode transrectal UltraSound images NETwork (ProCUSNet) to determine whether ultrasound can reliably detect cancer.
Isotopes Environ Health Stud
January 2025
Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Invasive silver carp () threaten Mississippi River basin ecosystems due to their ability to outcompete native species. Stable carbon (δC) and nitrogen (δN) isotope analysis has been used to study how silver carp impact native ecosystems, but lipids in fish tissues commonly bias their δC values. Chemical lipid extraction and mathematical equations that normalise δC values for lipid content can account for this bias, but have not been assessed for silver carp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhilos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
January 2025
Bristol Robotics Laboratory, School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TW, UK.
In this paper, we address the question: what practices would be required for the responsible design and operation of real-world swarm robotic systems? We argue that swarm robotic systems must be developed and operated within a framework of ethical governance. We will also explore the human factors surrounding the operation and management of swarm systems, advancing the view that human factors are no less important to swarm robots than social robots. Ethical governance must be anticipatory, and a powerful method for practical anticipatory governance is ethical risk assessment (ERA).
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